Sarah DeGrace, Sean P Barrett, Igor Yakovenko, Philip G Tibbo, Pablo Romero-Sanchiz, R Nicholas Carleton, Thomas Snooks, Abraham Rudnick, Sherry H Stewart
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We aimed to examine the effects of CRP condition (trauma and neutral) and PTSD group (likely PTSD+ and PTSD-) on affective and craving outcomes using a stand-alone online expressive writing CRP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (<i>n </i>= 202; 43.6% male; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 42.94 years, <i>SD </i>= 14.71) with psychological trauma histories and past-month cannabis use completed a measure of PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist-5 for DSM-5 [PCL-5]) and were randomized to complete either a trauma or neutral expressive writing task. Then they completed validated measures of affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Short Form [PANAS-SF]) and cannabis craving (Marijuana Craving Questionnaire-Short Form [MCQ-SF]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear mixed models tested the hypothesized main and interactive effects of CRP condition (trauma and neutral) and PTSD group (likely PTSD+ and PTSD-) on negative and positive affect (PANAS-SF) and cannabis craving dimensions (MCQ-SF). The hypothesized main effects of trauma versus neutral expressive writing were found for negative affect and the expectancy dimension of cannabis craving and of PTSD group for negative affect and all cannabis craving dimensions; no interactions were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Expressive writing appears a useful online CRP. Interventions focused on reducing negative affect and expectancy craving to trauma cues may prevent/treat CUD among cannabis users with PTSD.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary title: </strong>The Use of an Online Expressive Writing as a Trauma Cue Exposure: Effects on Craving and Emotions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55283,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of Trauma Cue Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) on Affect and Cannabis Craving in Cannabis Users With Trauma Histories: Use of Expressive Writing as an Online Cue-Reactivity Paradigm: Effets de l'exposition aux signaux traumatiques et du SSPT sur l'affect et le besoin de cannabis chez les consommateurs de cannabis ayant des antécédents de traumatismes : utilisation de l'écriture expressive comme paradigme de réactivité en ligne.\",\"authors\":\"Sarah DeGrace, Sean P Barrett, Igor Yakovenko, Philip G Tibbo, Pablo Romero-Sanchiz, R Nicholas Carleton, Thomas Snooks, Abraham Rudnick, Sherry H Stewart\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/07067437241255104\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) commonly co-occur. Conditioned associations between psychological trauma cues, distress, cannabis use, and desired relief outcomes may contribute to the comorbidity. These conditioned associations can be studied experimentally by manipulating trauma cue exposure in a cue-reactivity paradigm (CRP) and examining effects on affective and cognitive outcomes in participants with and without PTSD. However, traditional CRPs take place in-lab limiting recruitment/power. We aimed to examine the effects of CRP condition (trauma and neutral) and PTSD group (likely PTSD+ and PTSD-) on affective and craving outcomes using a stand-alone online expressive writing CRP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (<i>n </i>= 202; 43.6% male; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 42.94 years, <i>SD </i>= 14.71) with psychological trauma histories and past-month cannabis use completed a measure of PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist-5 for DSM-5 [PCL-5]) and were randomized to complete either a trauma or neutral expressive writing task. Then they completed validated measures of affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Short Form [PANAS-SF]) and cannabis craving (Marijuana Craving Questionnaire-Short Form [MCQ-SF]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear mixed models tested the hypothesized main and interactive effects of CRP condition (trauma and neutral) and PTSD group (likely PTSD+ and PTSD-) on negative and positive affect (PANAS-SF) and cannabis craving dimensions (MCQ-SF). The hypothesized main effects of trauma versus neutral expressive writing were found for negative affect and the expectancy dimension of cannabis craving and of PTSD group for negative affect and all cannabis craving dimensions; no interactions were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Expressive writing appears a useful online CRP. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和大麻使用障碍（CUD）通常同时存在。心理创伤线索、痛苦、大麻使用和预期缓解结果之间的条件关联可能是导致这两种疾病并发的原因。这些条件关联可以通过在线索反应范式（CRP）中操纵创伤线索暴露来进行实验研究，并检查对患有和未患有创伤后应激障碍的参与者的情感和认知结果的影响。然而，传统的 CRP 是在实验室内进行的，这限制了招募人数/力量。我们的目的是使用独立的在线表达性写作CRP，研究CRP条件（创伤和中性）和创伤后应激障碍组（可能是创伤后应激障碍+和创伤后应激障碍-）对情感和渴求结果的影响：有心理创伤史并在过去一个月使用过大麻的参与者（n = 202；43.6% 为男性；年龄 = 42.94 岁，SD = 14.71）完成了创伤后应激障碍症状测量（PTSD Checklist-5 for DSM-5 [PCL-5]），并被随机分配完成创伤或中性表达性写作任务。然后，他们完成了有效的情感测量（积极和消极情感表-简表 [PANAS-SF]）和大麻渴望测量（大麻渴望问卷-简表 [MCQ-SF]）：线性混合模型检验了 CRP 条件（创伤和中性）和创伤后应激障碍组（可能是创伤后应激障碍+ 和创伤后应激障碍-）对消极和积极情绪（PANAS-SF）和大麻渴求维度（MCQ-SF）的假设主要效应和交互效应。在消极情绪和大麻渴求的期望维度上，创伤后应激障碍组与中性表达性写作发现了假设的主效应；在消极情绪和所有大麻渴求维度上，创伤后应激障碍组与中性表达性写作发现了假设的主效应；没有观察到交互作用：表达性写作似乎是一种有用的在线 CRP。干预措施的重点是减少创伤线索的负面情绪和预期渴求，可预防/治疗患有创伤后应激障碍的大麻使用者的 CUD：使用在线表达性写作作为创伤线索暴露：对渴求和情绪的影响》（The Use of an Online Expressive Writing as a Trauma Cue Exposure: Effects on Craving and Emotions.
Effects of Trauma Cue Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) on Affect and Cannabis Craving in Cannabis Users With Trauma Histories: Use of Expressive Writing as an Online Cue-Reactivity Paradigm: Effets de l'exposition aux signaux traumatiques et du SSPT sur l'affect et le besoin de cannabis chez les consommateurs de cannabis ayant des antécédents de traumatismes : utilisation de l'écriture expressive comme paradigme de réactivité en ligne.
Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) commonly co-occur. Conditioned associations between psychological trauma cues, distress, cannabis use, and desired relief outcomes may contribute to the comorbidity. These conditioned associations can be studied experimentally by manipulating trauma cue exposure in a cue-reactivity paradigm (CRP) and examining effects on affective and cognitive outcomes in participants with and without PTSD. However, traditional CRPs take place in-lab limiting recruitment/power. We aimed to examine the effects of CRP condition (trauma and neutral) and PTSD group (likely PTSD+ and PTSD-) on affective and craving outcomes using a stand-alone online expressive writing CRP.
Methods: Participants (n = 202; 43.6% male; Mage = 42.94 years, SD = 14.71) with psychological trauma histories and past-month cannabis use completed a measure of PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist-5 for DSM-5 [PCL-5]) and were randomized to complete either a trauma or neutral expressive writing task. Then they completed validated measures of affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Short Form [PANAS-SF]) and cannabis craving (Marijuana Craving Questionnaire-Short Form [MCQ-SF]).
Results: Linear mixed models tested the hypothesized main and interactive effects of CRP condition (trauma and neutral) and PTSD group (likely PTSD+ and PTSD-) on negative and positive affect (PANAS-SF) and cannabis craving dimensions (MCQ-SF). The hypothesized main effects of trauma versus neutral expressive writing were found for negative affect and the expectancy dimension of cannabis craving and of PTSD group for negative affect and all cannabis craving dimensions; no interactions were observed.
Conclusions: Expressive writing appears a useful online CRP. Interventions focused on reducing negative affect and expectancy craving to trauma cues may prevent/treat CUD among cannabis users with PTSD.
Plain language summary title: The Use of an Online Expressive Writing as a Trauma Cue Exposure: Effects on Craving and Emotions.
期刊介绍：
Established in 1956, The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (The CJP) has been keeping psychiatrists up-to-date on the latest research for nearly 60 years. The CJP provides a forum for psychiatry and mental health professionals to share their findings with researchers and clinicians. The CJP includes peer-reviewed scientific articles analyzing ongoing developments in Canadian and international psychiatry.
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