Michele D'Attilio, Giulia Falone, Rossana Pipitone, Francesco Moscagiuri, Francesco Caroccia, Antonino Peluso
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While there has been some success in adapting traditional two-dimensional cephalometric analyses to three dimensions, the specific application of Enlow's cephalometric analysis using CBCT remains unexplored.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Aim</h3>\n \n <p>This pilot study aims to introduce a novel approach for performing Enlow's vertical track analysis using CBCT images.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Eighteen CBCT images of skeletal Class I (ANB = 2 ± 2) subjects (12 males and 6 females, aged from 9 to 19 years) with no history of previous orthodontic treatment were selected. For each subject, 2D Enlow's vertical track analysis was performed on lateral cephalograms extracted from the CBCT images, and separately, 3D vertical track analysis was directly performed on the CBCT images. To validate the proposed method, we compared the differences between the posterior vertical counterpart (PVC) and the middle vertical counterpart (MVC), as well as between the middle vertical counterpart (MVC) and the anterior vertical counterpart (AVC), as obtained from both the two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was applied for each variable to check whether data were normally distributed and a paired Student's <i>t</i>-test was performed. The level of statistical significance was .05.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>The comparison between three-dimensional PVC-MVC (−0.43 ± 0.37 cm) and two-dimensional PVC-MVC (−0.53 ± 0.36 cm) revealed no statistical difference (<i>P</i> = .27). Similarly, no significant difference (<i>P</i> = .28) was observed between two-dimensional MVC-AVC (−0.56 ± 0.34 cm) and three-dimensional MVC-AVC (−0.47 ± 0.37 cm).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>The method proposed by this study to realize the vertical track analysis on 3D images is valid and superimposable on that described by Enlow on lateral cephalograms.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"27 S2","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Pilot study for three-dimensional cephalometric Enlow's counterpart analysis: Vertical track. 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While there has been some success in adapting traditional two-dimensional cephalometric analyses to three dimensions, the specific application of Enlow's cephalometric analysis using CBCT remains unexplored.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Aim</h3>\\n \\n <p>This pilot study aims to introduce a novel approach for performing Enlow's vertical track analysis using CBCT images.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>Eighteen CBCT images of skeletal Class I (ANB = 2 ± 2) subjects (12 males and 6 females, aged from 9 to 19 years) with no history of previous orthodontic treatment were selected. For each subject, 2D Enlow's vertical track analysis was performed on lateral cephalograms extracted from the CBCT images, and separately, 3D vertical track analysis was directly performed on the CBCT images. To validate the proposed method, we compared the differences between the posterior vertical counterpart (PVC) and the middle vertical counterpart (MVC), as well as between the middle vertical counterpart (MVC) and the anterior vertical counterpart (AVC), as obtained from both the two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was applied for each variable to check whether data were normally distributed and a paired Student's <i>t</i>-test was performed. The level of statistical significance was .05.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>The comparison between three-dimensional PVC-MVC (−0.43 ± 0.37 cm) and two-dimensional PVC-MVC (−0.53 ± 0.36 cm) revealed no statistical difference (<i>P</i> = .27). 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Pilot study for three-dimensional cephalometric Enlow's counterpart analysis: Vertical track. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional comparison
Background
The introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry has given orthodontists the possibility of studying craniofacial structures in three dimensions. Despite the possibility to obtain lateral cephalograms synthesized from CBCT, this approach still does not provide a fully three-dimensional evaluation of the patient's anatomy. While there has been some success in adapting traditional two-dimensional cephalometric analyses to three dimensions, the specific application of Enlow's cephalometric analysis using CBCT remains unexplored.
Aim
This pilot study aims to introduce a novel approach for performing Enlow's vertical track analysis using CBCT images.
Materials and Methods
Eighteen CBCT images of skeletal Class I (ANB = 2 ± 2) subjects (12 males and 6 females, aged from 9 to 19 years) with no history of previous orthodontic treatment were selected. For each subject, 2D Enlow's vertical track analysis was performed on lateral cephalograms extracted from the CBCT images, and separately, 3D vertical track analysis was directly performed on the CBCT images. To validate the proposed method, we compared the differences between the posterior vertical counterpart (PVC) and the middle vertical counterpart (MVC), as well as between the middle vertical counterpart (MVC) and the anterior vertical counterpart (AVC), as obtained from both the two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was applied for each variable to check whether data were normally distributed and a paired Student's t-test was performed. The level of statistical significance was .05.
Results
The comparison between three-dimensional PVC-MVC (−0.43 ± 0.37 cm) and two-dimensional PVC-MVC (−0.53 ± 0.36 cm) revealed no statistical difference (P = .27). Similarly, no significant difference (P = .28) was observed between two-dimensional MVC-AVC (−0.56 ± 0.34 cm) and three-dimensional MVC-AVC (−0.47 ± 0.37 cm).
Conclusions
The method proposed by this study to realize the vertical track analysis on 3D images is valid and superimposable on that described by Enlow on lateral cephalograms.
期刊介绍：
Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research - Genes, Growth and Development is published to serve its readers as an international forum for the presentation and critical discussion of issues pertinent to the advancement of the specialty of orthodontics and the evidence-based knowledge of craniofacial growth and development. This forum is based on scientifically supported information, but also includes minority and conflicting opinions.
The objective of the journal is to facilitate effective communication between the research community and practicing clinicians. Original papers of high scientific quality that report the findings of clinical trials, clinical epidemiology, and novel therapeutic or diagnostic approaches are appropriate submissions. Similarly, we welcome papers in genetics, developmental biology, syndromology, surgery, speech and hearing, and other biomedical disciplines related to clinical orthodontics and normal and abnormal craniofacial growth and development. In addition to original and basic research, the journal publishes concise reviews, case reports of substantial value, invited essays, letters, and announcements.
The journal is published quarterly. The review of submitted papers will be coordinated by the editor and members of the editorial board. It is policy to review manuscripts within 3 to 4 weeks of receipt and to publish within 3 to 6 months of acceptance.
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