Cambro-Ordovician metamorphism from Lesser Himachal Himalaya and its implication for Gondwana assembly

As a tectonic window into the Lesser Himachal Himalaya, India, a group of metasediments and gneissic rocks, known as the Jutogh Group and Wangtu Gneissic Complex (WGC), occurs near the Jhakri thrust to the west and Wangtu to the east. In the Jutogh Group, chlorite-mica schist, garnet-staurolite schist and sillimanite-schist develop successively. The formation of chemically zoned garnet, which destabilized low-temperature assemblages, is predicted to be at 550–650 °C and 0.8–0.9 GPa by phase equilibria modelling. The retrograde segment consists of exhumation and cooling, yielding a tight clockwise P–T path. Moreover, textural observations and in-situ U-Th-Pb chemical dating indicate that metasedimentary rocks contain Cambrian monazites. These monazites have ages that cluster around 500 Ma. The Ɛ_Nd[1.8Ga] of Jutogh rocks ranges from − 1.0 to -8.1, with depleted mantle-model ages between 3.07 and 2.25 Ga. The garnet core and its leachates yield an Sm-Nd isochron age of 472 Ma. Another Sm-Nd isochron age of 454 Ma is obtained from biotite, garnet rim, and garnet rim leachate. According to phase equilibrium modelling, Sm-Nd dating, and monazite geochronology, the Jutogh Group experienced metamorphism along the northeast margin of Gondwana during the Cambro-Ordovician accretion.