Biomass derived sulfonated carbon catalysts: efficient catalysts for green chemistry

Biomass-derived sulfonated carbon catalysts (BDSCCs), recognized for their environmentally friendly origin, uncomplicated synthesis, and outstanding performance as solid acids, have garnered increasing attention due to their relevance in the context of green chemistry. This article offers an examination of the diverse raw material sources of BDSCCs, delves into the performance distinctions and potential rationales among various BDSCCs, extensively investigates their utilization across multiple sectors like biodiesel production and lignocellulose saccharification in recent years, and delineates the challenges that BDSCCs are poised to encounter in the future. As BDSCCs evolve in terms of selectivity, stability, recyclability, and catalytic sustainability, they hold the promise of achieving zero-waste production across multiple industries. In conclusion, this review not only provides insights into the current state of biomass-derived sulfonated carbon catalysts but also outlines a path for their future development. It is anticipated that this field will play a pivotal role in advancing green catalysis and contributing to the principles of the circular economy.