康斯坦茨湖大陆架的冰川后演变及其与 10 公里长的新石器时代水下土墩链的关系

IF 1.7 3区 地球科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Dominic Perler, Simone Benguerel, Hansjörg Brem, Florence Gilliard, Jens Hornung, Thomas Keiser, Urs Leuzinger, Sebastian Schaller, Sönke Szidat, Hendrik Vogel, Martin Wessels, Flavio S. Anselmetti
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引用次数: 0

摘要

最近对博登湖进行的水深测量发现了约 170 个由松散沉积岩石组成的土墩,它们沿着瑞士南部海岸线排列成约 10 公里长的链条,水深 3-5 米。据估计,这些土墩由大约 6,000 万块巨石组成,总重量约为 78,000 吨。地面穿透雷达(GPR)勘测表明,这些土墩与冰川基底无关,而是人为沉积在由全新世湖泊沉积物组成的上升陆架边缘。在此,我们介绍了沿其中一个土丘的 GPR 横截面采集四个活塞岩芯的结果。岩芯采集了全新世沉积演替的全部内容,一直采集到基底 till,基底 till 上覆盖着可追溯到约公元前 14,400 年的湖泊沉积物。四个岩心合并成一个约 12.4 米长的复合剖面,反映了从硅质岩为主的晚冰期到富含碳酸盐的全新世晚期的连续沉积。代表土墩建造的地层经放射性碳素测定为公元前约 5600-5300 年,属于新石器时代。在水下挖掘土丘时采集的木材样本的放射性碳年代测定证实了这一年代。全新世沉积演替的地球化学分析表明,碳酸盐含量普遍较高(平均为 69%)。公元前 5750 至 4950 年这一区间是土墩时期的一部分,其特点是碳酸盐含量为全新世最低(平均 57%),平均粒径较大。将这些数值与近期地表沉积物深度横断面的数值相比较,表明这是一个湖泊水位相当低的时期,可能有利于土墩的建造。与附近考古遗址和中西欧湖泊水位记录的相关性表明,这些土丘很可能是在气候变冷、湖泊水位下降的大趋势中湖泊水位较低的一个短暂阶段建造的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Postglacial evolution of the Lake Constance shelf and its relation to a 10-km long chain of submerged Neolithic mounds

Postglacial evolution of the Lake Constance shelf and its relation to a 10-km long chain of submerged Neolithic mounds

A recent bathymetric survey of Lake Constance revealed ~ 170 mounds composed of loosely deposited rocks aligned in a ~ 10-km long chain along the southern Swiss shoreline in a water depth of 3–5 m. The mounds are 10–30 m in diameter and up to 1.5 m high. Over their entire length of occurrence, the mounds are estimated to be composed of ~ 60 million individual boulders, with a total weight of ~ 78,000 t. A ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey showed that the mounds are not linked to the glacial substrate but were rather deposited artificially on the edge of a prograding shelf composed of Holocene lake sediments. Here, we present the results of a coring campaign with four piston cores along a GPR transect across one of the mounds. The cores recovered the full Holocene sedimentary succession all the way into the basal till that is overlain by lacustrine sediments dating back to ~ 14,400 cal. yrs BP. The four cores are merged into a ~ 12.4-m long composite section reflecting continuous sedimentation from the siliciclastic-dominated Late Glacial to the carbonate-rich Late Holocene. The stratigraphic horizon representing the mound’s construction was radiocarbon-dated to ~ 5600–5300 cal. yrs BP, placing them in the Neolithic period. This age was confirmed by radiocarbon dating of wood samples collected during underwater excavation of the mounds. Geochemical analysis of the Holocene sedimentary succession shows generally high carbonate contents (average of 69%). The interval from 5750 to 4950 cal. yrs BP, a part of the mound period, is characterized by a Holocene minimum in carbonate content (average of 57%) and by larger mean grain sizes. Comparing these values to those from a recent surface-sediment depth transect indicates that this was a period of rather low lake levels, which might have favoured mound construction. Correlations to nearby archaeological sites and to the general West-Central European lake-level record indicates that the mounds likely were built during a short phase of low lake levels during a general trend of climatic cooling followed by a lake-level transgression.

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来源期刊
Journal of Paleolimnology
Journal of Paleolimnology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
9.50%
发文量
44
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The realization that a historical perspective is often useful, if not essential, to the understanding of most limnological processes has resulted in the recent surge of interest in paleolimnology. The main aim of the Journal of Paleolimnology is the provision of a vehicle for the rapid dissemination of original scientific work dealing with the reconstruction of lake histories. Although the majority of papers deal with lakes, paleoenvironmental studies of river, wetland, peatland and estuary systems are also eligible for publication. The Journal of Paleolimnology, like the subject itself, is multidisciplinary in nature, and papers are published that are concerned with all aspects (e.g. biological, chemical, physical, geological, etc.) of the reconstruction and interpretation of lake histories. Both applied and more theoretical papers are equally encouraged. The Journal of Paleolimnology will continue to be a major repository for papers dealing with climatic change, as well as other pressing topics, such as global environmental change, lake acidification, eutrophication, long-term monitoring, and other aspects of lake ontogeny. Taxonomic and methodological papers are also acceptable provided they are of relatively broad interest. New equipment designs are frequently featured. In addition to original data and ideas, the Journal of Paleolimnology also publishes review articles, commentaries and program announcements. A relevant Book Review Section is also featured.
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