对抗原漂移至关重要的 H5 和 H7 禽流感病毒 HA 和 NA 表位。

IF 10.1 2区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
Jasmina M Luczo, Erica Spackman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

禽流感病毒通过抗原进化来逃避宿主免疫。两种甲型流感病毒表面糖蛋白--血凝素和神经氨酸酶--是宿主免疫的主要目标,并在宿主原有体液和细胞免疫反应的作用下发生抗原漂移。特定位点已被确定为 H5 和 H7 等主要亚型的重要表位,这些亚型具有泛滥和大流行的潜能,对动物和公共卫生具有重要意义。血凝素是免疫优势免疫原,已对其进行了广泛研究,并对抗原反应性进行了密切监测,以确保候选疫苗病毒具有保护性。最近,神经氨酸酶作为一种保护性免疫原受到越来越多的关注。与病毒表面的血凝素相比,神经氨酸酶的表达量较低,但却能引起强大的抗体反应。本综述旨在汇编有关 H5 和 H7 高致病性禽流感病毒血凝素和神经氨酸酶表位及免疫逃逸突变体的现有信息。了解免疫逃逸突变体的进化和表位的位置对于确定疫苗株和开发可用于人类和动物的广谱反应疫苗至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Epitopes in the HA and NA of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses that are important for antigenic drift.

Avian influenza viruses evolve antigenically to evade host immunity. Two influenza A virus surface glycoproteins, the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase, are the major targets of host immunity and undergo antigenic drift in response to host pre-existing humoral and cellular immune responses. Specific sites have been identified as important epitopes in prominent subtypes such as H5 and H7, which are of animal and public health significance due to their panzootic and pandemic potential. The haemagglutinin is the immunodominant immunogen, it has been extensively studied, and the antigenic reactivity is closely monitored to ensure candidate vaccine viruses are protective. More recently, the neuraminidase has received increasing attention for its role as a protective immunogen. The neuraminidase is expressed at a lower abundance than the haemagglutinin on the virus surface but does elicit a robust antibody response. This review aims to compile the current information on haemagglutinin and neuraminidase epitopes and immune escape mutants of H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Understanding the evolution of immune escape mutants and the location of epitopes is critical for identification of vaccine strains and development of broadly reactive vaccines that can be utilized in humans and animals.

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来源期刊
FEMS microbiology reviews
FEMS microbiology reviews 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
17.50
自引率
0.90%
发文量
45
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Title: FEMS Microbiology Reviews Journal Focus: Publishes reviews covering all aspects of microbiology not recently surveyed Reviews topics of current interest Provides comprehensive, critical, and authoritative coverage Offers new perspectives and critical, detailed discussions of significant trends May contain speculative and selective elements Aimed at both specialists and general readers Reviews should be framed within the context of general microbiology and biology Submission Criteria: Manuscripts should not be unevaluated compilations of literature Lectures delivered at symposia must review the related field to be acceptable
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