商业和机构建筑的尿量产生和磷质量回收基准

IF 7.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Lucas Crane , Ashton Merck , Shwetha Delanthamajalu , Khara Grieger , Anna-Maria Marshall , Treavor H. Boyer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

磷(P)是一种有限资源,也是农业所必需的养分。尿液中的磷含量高于生活废水,可以通过源头分离和处理(以下简称尿液分流)进行回收。商业和机构(CI)建筑是尿液分流的合理地点,因为洗手间占了用水和废水产生量的很大一部分。本研究估算了从商业和机构建筑中的人尿中回收 P 和减少冲洗而节约用水的潜力,并提出了一种方法来确定适合实施尿液分流的建筑类型和社区布局。研究结果表明,在医院、学校、办公楼和机场等日入住人数或时间较多的工商业建筑中,尿液分流最为有利。据估计,每个居住者的 P 回收基准在 0.04-0.68 g/cap-d 之间。每栋建筑的 P 回收率估计在 0.002-5.1 kg/d 之间,每栋建筑的节水量估计在 3%-23% 之间。以磷肥形式回收的磷和节约的饮用水可累积利润并降低成本,从而在运行 5 年内抵消新尿液分流系统的资本成本。最后,尿液分流系统可根据社区布局和组织结构在不同的分散程度上实施,这需要社会经济和政策的认可才能得到更广泛的采用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Benchmarks for urine volume generation and phosphorus mass recovery in commercial and institutional buildings

Benchmarks for urine volume generation and phosphorus mass recovery in commercial and institutional buildings

Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource and necessary nutrient for agriculture. Urine contains a higher concentration of P than domestic wastewater, which can be recovered by source separation and treatment (hereafter urine diversion). Commercial and institutional (CI) buildings are a logical location for urine diversion since restrooms account for a substantial fraction of water use and wastewater generation. This study estimated the potential for P recovery from human urine and water savings from reduced flushing in CI buildings, and proposed an approach to identify building types and community layouts that are amenable to implementing urine diversion. The results showed that urine diversion is most advantageous in CI buildings with either high daily occupancy counts or times, such as hospitals, schools, office buildings, and airports. Per occupant P recovery benchmarks were estimated to be between 0.04–0.68 g/cap·d. Per building P recovery rates were estimated to be between 0.002–5.1 kg/d, and per building water savings were estimated to be between 3 and 23 % by volume. Recovered P in the form of phosphate fertilizer and potable water savings could accrue profits and cost reductions that could offset the capital costs of new urine diversion systems within 5 y of operation. Finally, urine diversion systems can be implemented at different levels of decentralization based on community layout and organizational structure, which will require socioeconomic and policy acceptance for wider adoption.

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来源期刊
Water Research X
Water Research X Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology
CiteScore
12.30
自引率
1.30%
发文量
19
期刊介绍: Water Research X is a sister journal of Water Research, which follows a Gold Open Access model. It focuses on publishing concise, letter-style research papers, visionary perspectives and editorials, as well as mini-reviews on emerging topics. The Journal invites contributions from researchers worldwide on various aspects of the science and technology related to the human impact on the water cycle, water quality, and its global management.
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