Michael Dannenmann, Irina Yankelzon, Svenja Wähling, Elisabeth Ramm, Mirella Schreiber, Ulrike Ostler, Marcus Schlingmann, Claus Florian Stange, Ralf Kiese, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Johannes Friedl, Clemens Scheer
{"title":"施用于山地草地的泥浆氮的命运:二氮排放与植物氮吸收的重要性","authors":"Michael Dannenmann, Irina Yankelzon, Svenja Wähling, Elisabeth Ramm, Mirella Schreiber, Ulrike Ostler, Marcus Schlingmann, Claus Florian Stange, Ralf Kiese, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Johannes Friedl, Clemens Scheer","doi":"10.1007/s00374-024-01826-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intensive fertilization of grasslands with cattle slurry can cause high environmental nitrogen (N) losses in form of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) leaching. Still, knowledge on short-term fertilizer N partitioning between plants and dinitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) emissions is lacking. Therefore, we applied highly <sup>15</sup>N-enriched cattle slurry (97 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) to pre-alpine grassland field mesocosms. We traced the slurry <sup>15</sup>N in the plant-soil system and to denitrification losses (N<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O) over 29 days in high temporal resolution. Gaseous ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), N<sub>2</sub> as well N<sub>2</sub>O losses at about 20 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> were observed only within the first 3 days after fertilization and were dominated by NH<sub>3</sub>. Nitrous oxide emissions (0.1 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) were negligible, while N<sub>2</sub> emissions accounted for 3 kg of fertilizer N ha<sup>−1</sup>. The relatively low denitrification losses can be explained by the rapid plant uptake of fertilizer N, particularly from 0–4 cm depth, with plant N uptake exceeding denitrification N losses by an order of magnitude already after 3 days. After 17 days, total aboveground plant N uptake reached 100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, with 33% of N derived from the applied N fertilizer. Half of the fertilizer N was found in above and belowground biomass, while at about 25% was recovered in the soil and 25% was lost, mainly in form of gaseous emissions, with minor N leaching. Overall, this study shows that plant N uptake plays a dominant role in controlling denitrification losses at high N application rates in pre-alpine grassland soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":9210,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Fates of slurry-nitrogen applied to mountain grasslands: the importance of dinitrogen emissions versus plant N uptake\",\"authors\":\"Michael Dannenmann, Irina Yankelzon, Svenja Wähling, Elisabeth Ramm, Mirella Schreiber, Ulrike Ostler, Marcus Schlingmann, Claus Florian Stange, Ralf Kiese, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Johannes Friedl, Clemens Scheer\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00374-024-01826-9\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Intensive fertilization of grasslands with cattle slurry can cause high environmental nitrogen (N) losses in form of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) leaching. Still, knowledge on short-term fertilizer N partitioning between plants and dinitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) emissions is lacking. Therefore, we applied highly <sup>15</sup>N-enriched cattle slurry (97 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) to pre-alpine grassland field mesocosms. We traced the slurry <sup>15</sup>N in the plant-soil system and to denitrification losses (N<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O) over 29 days in high temporal resolution. Gaseous ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), N<sub>2</sub> as well N<sub>2</sub>O losses at about 20 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> were observed only within the first 3 days after fertilization and were dominated by NH<sub>3</sub>. Nitrous oxide emissions (0.1 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) were negligible, while N<sub>2</sub> emissions accounted for 3 kg of fertilizer N ha<sup>−1</sup>. The relatively low denitrification losses can be explained by the rapid plant uptake of fertilizer N, particularly from 0–4 cm depth, with plant N uptake exceeding denitrification N losses by an order of magnitude already after 3 days. After 17 days, total aboveground plant N uptake reached 100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, with 33% of N derived from the applied N fertilizer. Half of the fertilizer N was found in above and belowground biomass, while at about 25% was recovered in the soil and 25% was lost, mainly in form of gaseous emissions, with minor N leaching. Overall, this study shows that plant N uptake plays a dominant role in controlling denitrification losses at high N application rates in pre-alpine grassland soils.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":9210,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Biology and Fertility of Soils\",\"volume\":\"121 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-10\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Biology and Fertility of Soils\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01826-9\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"SOIL SCIENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biology and Fertility of Soils","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-024-01826-9","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SOIL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Fates of slurry-nitrogen applied to mountain grasslands: the importance of dinitrogen emissions versus plant N uptake
Intensive fertilization of grasslands with cattle slurry can cause high environmental nitrogen (N) losses in form of ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitrate (NO3−) leaching. Still, knowledge on short-term fertilizer N partitioning between plants and dinitrogen (N2) emissions is lacking. Therefore, we applied highly 15N-enriched cattle slurry (97 kg N ha−1) to pre-alpine grassland field mesocosms. We traced the slurry 15N in the plant-soil system and to denitrification losses (N2, N2O) over 29 days in high temporal resolution. Gaseous ammonia (NH3), N2 as well N2O losses at about 20 kg N ha−1 were observed only within the first 3 days after fertilization and were dominated by NH3. Nitrous oxide emissions (0.1 kg N ha−1) were negligible, while N2 emissions accounted for 3 kg of fertilizer N ha−1. The relatively low denitrification losses can be explained by the rapid plant uptake of fertilizer N, particularly from 0–4 cm depth, with plant N uptake exceeding denitrification N losses by an order of magnitude already after 3 days. After 17 days, total aboveground plant N uptake reached 100 kg N ha−1, with 33% of N derived from the applied N fertilizer. Half of the fertilizer N was found in above and belowground biomass, while at about 25% was recovered in the soil and 25% was lost, mainly in form of gaseous emissions, with minor N leaching. Overall, this study shows that plant N uptake plays a dominant role in controlling denitrification losses at high N application rates in pre-alpine grassland soils.
期刊介绍:
Biology and Fertility of Soils publishes in English original papers, reviews and short communications on all fundamental and applied aspects of biology – microflora and microfauna - and fertility of soils. It offers a forum for research aimed at broadening the understanding of biological functions, processes and interactions in soils, particularly concerning the increasing demands of agriculture, deforestation and industrialization. The journal includes articles on techniques and methods that evaluate processes, biogeochemical interactions and ecological stresses, and sometimes presents special issues on relevant topics.