由垂直堆积和横向移动的堆积中心驱动的半动力大塌陷的变形、演化和控制作用

IF 2.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
O. Ferrer , E. Roca , M.G. Rowan , J.A. Muñoz , K.A. Giles , O. Gratacós
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引用次数: 0

摘要

特大褶皱由最古老的超盐地层的陡倾至倾覆板块组成,位于陡峭的斜坡两侧,是早期膨胀盐的屋顶。这些大型结构是盐-沉积物在小盆地尺度上相互作用的结果,涉及多公里的褶皱和垂直地貌。它们分为两种末端结构类型(半动力型和收缩型),由边缘旋转和扭带迁移共同作用形成。由于陡峭的层理倾角和不理想的光照,很难对邻近闪焰二叠纪和同生盐下的巨型褶皱进行成像和解释。我们利用物理模型研究了差异荷载驱动的卤动力巨型塌陷。我们运行了前动力层上垂直堆积荷载与横向移动荷载的模型,以确定控制巨型塌陷生长和运动演化的主要过程和机制。实验测试了前岩浆覆盖层的厚度、原盐壁的宽度、同步沉积速率以及前岩浆覆盖层机械性能的变化等参数,以评估它们在巨岩褶皱产生过程中的作用。实验结果表明,在没有构造力的情况下,卤动力巨型褶皱是由以下两个因素共同作用产生的:1)两个相邻的小盆地之间的压力-水头梯度的早期增加,这两个小盆地的沉积和下沉速度不同;2)当焊接发生在下沉速度较快的小盆地下方时,这种梯度消失。在我们的模拟模型中,特大褶皱的几何形状、运动演化和小尺度变形程度与暴露的(如 Paradox 盆地)和地震成像的半动力特大褶皱(如墨西哥湾北部深水区)是一致的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Deformation, evolution and controls of halokinetic megaflaps driven by vertically-stacked and laterally-shifting depocenters

Megaflaps comprise steeply dipping to overturned panels of the oldest suprasalt strata flanking steep diapirs, and represent the roofs of early inflated salt. These large-scale structures result from salt-sediment interaction at minibasin scales and entail multiple kilometres of folding and vertical relief. They are divided into two end-member types (halokinetic and contractional) and form by some combination of limb rotation and kink-band migration. They can be difficult to image and interpret adjacent to flaring diapirs and beneath allochthonous salt due to steep bedding dips and suboptimal illumination.

Using physical models, we investigate halokinetic megaflaps driven by differential loading. Models with vertically-stacked vs. laterally-shifting loading above a prekinematic layer have been run to determine the main processes and mechanisms controlling the growth and kinematic evolution of megaflaps. Parameters such as the thickness of the prekinematic cover, the width of the proto-salt wall, the synkinematic sedimentation rate, and variations in the mechanical properties of the prekinematic cover have been tested to evaluate their role in megaflap generation. The experimental results demonstrate that in absence of tectonic forces, halokinetic megaflaps are generated by a combination of 1) an early increase of pressure-head gradient between two adjacent minibasins with different rates of sedimentation and subsidence, and 2) the disappearance of this gradient that occurs when welding occurs beneath the more quickly subsiding minibasin. The geometry, kinematic evolution, and degree of small-scale deformation of the megaflaps in our analogue models are consistent with both exposed (e.g., Paradox Basin) and seismically imaged halokinetic megaflaps (e.g., deepwater northern Gulf of Mexico).

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来源期刊
Journal of Structural Geology
Journal of Structural Geology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
19.40%
发文量
192
审稿时长
15.7 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Structural Geology publishes process-oriented investigations about structural geology using appropriate combinations of analog and digital field data, seismic reflection data, satellite-derived data, geometric analysis, kinematic analysis, laboratory experiments, computer visualizations, and analogue or numerical modelling on all scales. Contributions are encouraged to draw perspectives from rheology, rock mechanics, geophysics,metamorphism, sedimentology, petroleum geology, economic geology, geodynamics, planetary geology, tectonics and neotectonics to provide a more powerful understanding of deformation processes and systems. Given the visual nature of the discipline, supplementary materials that portray the data and analysis in 3-D or quasi 3-D manners, including the use of videos, and/or graphical abstracts can significantly strengthen the impact of contributions.
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