纳米粒子(NPs)介导的氧化还原平衡靶向调节用于有效治疗癌症

Q1 Engineering
Zixuan Zhao , Yuan Cao , Rui Xu , Junyue Fang , Yuxuan Zhang , Xiaoding Xu , Linzhuo Huang , Rong Li
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引用次数: 0

摘要

虽然癌细胞的特点是产生大量活性氧(ROS),但它们会维持氧化还原平衡,以避免严重损伤(如 DNA、蛋白质和质膜功能障碍),并促进癌症进展。新的证据表明,以调节氧化还原平衡为目标放大氧化应激在癌症治疗中具有价值。然而,核酸、小分子抑制剂和化疗药物等治疗剂由于生物利用度低、易受血清酶的影响以及细胞膜穿透效率低等原因,无法发挥有效的癌症抑制作用。因此,需要特定的递送载体来促进抗肿瘤药物的细胞内递送。在过去几十年中,人们设计和开发了各种用于给药的工程纳米材料。其中,合理纳米颗粒(NPs)因其出色的长循环能力、修饰能力和刺激响应释放能力而受到更多关注。在这篇综述中,首先简要介绍了癌症发展过程中 ROS 的产生方法和 ROS 调节的信号传导。接着,综述了抗氧化系统,包括代谢转换和抗氧化基因,并重点讨论了 NPs 介导的靶向调节氧化还原平衡的策略。主要策略包括 NPs 诱导的核酸、小分子抑制剂、化疗药物、放射增敏剂的递送,以及 NPs 诱导的 ROS 生成和 GSH 消耗。最后讨论了 NP 介导的氧化还原失衡在癌症治疗中的未来发展及其在临床转化中面临的挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated targeted regulation of redox homeostasis for effective cancer therapy

Nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated targeted regulation of redox homeostasis for effective cancer therapy

Although characterized by high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cancer cells maintain redox homeostasis to avoid severe damage (e.g., DNA, protein, and plasma membrane dysfunction) and facilitate cancer progression. Emerging evidence has indicated that targeting the regulation of redox homeostasis to amplify oxidative stress is of value in cancer therapy. However, therapeutic agents like nucleic acids, small molecular inhibitors, and chemotherapeutic drugs fail to exert effective cancer inhibition due to their low bioavailability, susceptibility to serum enzymes, and inefficiency in cell membrane penetrating. Therefore, specific delivery vectors are required to facilitate the intracellular delivery of anti-tumor drugs. In the past few decades, various engineered nanomaterials have been designed and developed for drug delivery. In particular, rational nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered more attention due to their splendid long circulation ability, modification capacity, and stimulation-responded release. In this review, the methods of ROS generation and ROS-regulated signaling in cancer development were firstly briefly introduced. The anti-oxidant system, including the metabolism shifting and anti-oxidant genes, were next reviewed, and the strategies of NPs-mediated targeted regulation of redox homeostasis were emphatically discussed. The main strategies include NPs-induced delivery of nucleic acids, small molecule inhibitors, chemotherapeutic agents, radiosensitizers, and NPs-induced ROS generation and GSH depletion. The future development of NP-mediated redox dyshomeostasis in cancer therapy and their challenges in clinical translation were finally discussed.

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来源期刊
Smart Materials in Medicine
Smart Materials in Medicine Engineering-Biomedical Engineering
CiteScore
14.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
41
审稿时长
48 days
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