A three-years follow-up of extra intensive support for individuals with intellectual disability and severe challenging behaviour in the Netherlands.

Adults with Intellectual Disability who show severe challenging behaviour need intensive individual support. If intensive support proves to be insufficient, extra intensive support can be provided in the Netherlands, which is characterized by more time for individual care. The present study evaluates the impact of extra intensive support over time. Client characteristics of adults receiving intensive support (IS, N=70) or extra intensive support (IS+, N=35) are compared and the impact of provided support on challenging behaviour (Developmental Behaviour Checklist-Adults), adaptive behaviour (Vineland II), and Quality of Life (San Martin Scale) is evaluated over a three years period. Compared to adults receiving intensive support, those receiving extra intensive support initially showed higher intensity of challenging behaviour, higher number of mental health diagnoses and stronger focus on goals to reduce challenging behaviour. Over time, intensity of challenging behaviour decreased in adults receiving extra intensive support, although Quality of Life and adaptive functioning did not improve. Results show that the indications for receiving extra intensive support are clear and that the extra support is effective over time. It is concluded that extra individual support is serving those who need this support.