Ultradense Cell-Free Massive MIMO for 6G: Technical Overview and Open Questions

Ultradense cell-free massive multiple-input–multiple-output (CF-MMIMO) has emerged as a promising technology expected to meet the future ubiquitous connectivity requirements and ever-growing data traffic demands in sixth generation (6G). This article provides a contemporary overview of ultradense CF-MMIMO networks and addresses important unresolved questions on their future deployment. We first present a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art research on CF-MMIMO and ultradense networks. Then, we discuss the key challenges of CF-MMIMO under ultradense scenarios such as low-complexity architecture and processing, low-complexity/scalable resource allocation, fronthaul limitation, massive access, synchronization, and channel acquisition. Finally, we answer key open questions, considering different design comparisons and discussing suitable methods dealing with the key challenges of ultradense CF-MMIMO. The discussion aims to provide a valuable roadmap for interesting future research directions in this area, facilitating the development of CF-MMIMO for 6G.