Effect of Agricultural Technology Elements on the Crop Structure and Productivity of Spring Wheat Variety Beiskaya

Abstract

The research was performed to study the effect of agricultural technology elements on the crop structure and productivity of spring wheat of the variety Beiskaya under the conditions of Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe in 2020–2022. The experimental scheme included the study of the variants of forecrop (factor A): black fallow and cereals (spring wheat); of fertilizer (factor B): without fertilizers (control), N₆₀ (ammonium nitrate), and N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀ (azophoska); and the plant protection system (factor C): without protection (control), presowing treatment of seeds with Vial Trast, WSC (0.4 L/t) + treatment at the tillering phase with a tank mixture of herbicides Balerina Super, SE (0.5 L/ha) and Lastik Top, OCE (0.5 l/ha) + treatment at the booting phase–heading with fungicide Kolosal’ PRO, CME (0.4 l/ha) and insecticide Borei Neo, SC (0.2 L/ha). The survival of wheat after black fallow increased relative to the control by 8.7–13.6% after fertilization; by 12.2–18.7% after fertilizers in combination with plant protection products, and by 12.5–17.9% and 17.7–19.7% for grain forecrop, respectively. The presowing application of azophoska improved the biometric parameters of plants: the number of leaves at the tillering phase was by 0.4–0.6 pcs greater after the black fallow than in the control, and the sheaf mass was greater by 24.3–45.0 g. At the heading phase, the values of these parameters increased by 0.2–0.9 pcs and 103.9–148.3 g, respectively. The values of the elements of the crop structure were the largest in the variant with presowing fertilization in combination with the use of plant protection products for both forecrops. The wheat yield for the two studied forecrops was maximal in the variant with the application of azophoska and the use of plant protection products: 4.23 t/ha for black fallow (the increase relative to the control was 1.15 t/ha or 36.4%) and 2.96 t/ha for grain forecrop (an increase by 1.26 t/ha or by 42.6%).