Glomus tumor in extra subungual locations: A case series

Introduction

Glomus tumors are rare benign neurovascular tumors derived from the neuromyoarterial glomus apparatus. They are more frequent in the hand and their cause is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe a case series of patients who presented with glomus tumors in unusual body parts, in a non-subungual location.

Case series

Three cases, from three different Institutions, were reported. All patients were male presenting with lesions characterized as a painful and solitary nodule in unusual areas, specifically in the left lower extremity: one in the calf, the other in the knee, and the third in the thigh. The nodules were not palpable, but with severe induced pain when touched, and with temperature sensitivity relation. Further investigation using Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed low signal intensity on T1 and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Ultrasound scanning was also a method to investigate and support the diagnosis. All patients underwent a total surgical resection, and histopathologically confirmed the diagnosis of glomus tumors, revealing oval and circular cell proliferation in association with vascular structures. There was no recurrence reported.

Conclusion

Glomus tumors are a rare entity characterized by pain, point tenderness, and temperature sensitivity, particularly where the lesion is located. Clinical history and physical examination invariably clinch the diagnosis. To ensure the correct diagnosis and treatment of glomus tumors, it is essential to have a complete inventory of imaging resources, particularly for differential diagnosis, when dealing with tumors in unusual locations.