通过模式植物了解巨孢子发生:当代证据和未来见解。

Inderdeep Kaur, Renu Kathpalia, Monika Koul
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摘要

巨孢子囊是了解被子植物中单个细胞特性和细胞间通讯概念的模型系统。随着胚珠的发育,沿着巨孢子母细胞(MMC)形成了三个不同的层,即表皮层(L1)、亚表皮层或下表皮层(L2)和最内层(L3)。作为主要雌性生殖细胞的 MMC 是由多个体细胞中的一个表皮下细胞开始发育的。MMC的发育受多种调控途径的控制,包括细胞间信号传导、小核糖核酸和DNA甲基化。单个核细胞进入减数分裂的编程和重编程受 "允许的 "相互作用过程和因素的支配。与此同时,一系列 "抑制 "因子也会阻止几个核姊妹细胞进入生殖细胞命运。然而,在某些被子植物中,雌配子体的发育出现了异常。雌配子体周围的孢子体组织会以多种方式影响配子体。本文详细解释了基因和转录因子在雌配子体发育过程中的作用,以及在拟南芥等选定模式植物中研究的各种过程中的调控作用。不过,由于被子植物具有巨大的多样性,因此研究其他植物系统中巨孢子发生的早期阶段也很重要。这些研究为了解巨孢子发生的调控以及雌配子体从裸子植物到开花植物的进化提供了宝贵的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Understanding megasporogenesis through model plants: contemporary evidence and future insights.

The megasporangium serves as a model system for understanding the concept of individual cell identity, and cell-to-cell communication in angiosperms. As development of the ovule progresses, three distinct layers, the epidermal (L1), the subepidermal or the hypodermal (L2) and the innermost layers (L3) are formed along the MMC (megaspore mother cell). The MMC, which is the primary female germline cell, is initiated as a single subepidermal cell amongst several somatic cells. MMC development is governed by various regulatory pathways involving intercellular signaling, small RNAs and DNA methylation. The programming and reprograming of a single nucellar cell to enter meiosis is governed by 'permissive' interacting processes and factors. Concomitantly, several nucellar sister cells are prevented from germline fate also by a set of 'repressive' factors. However, in certain angiosperms, anomalies in development of the female gametophyte have been observed. The sporophytic tissue surrounding the female gametophyte affects the gametophyte in multiple ways. The role of genes and transcription factors in the development of the MMC and in the regulation of various processes studied in selected model plants such as Arabidopsis is explained in detail in this paper. However, as angiosperms display enormous diversity, it is important to investigate early stages of megasporogenesis in other plant systems as well. Such studies provide valuable insights in understanding the regulation of megasporogenesis and the evolution of the female gametophyte from gymnosperms to flowering plants.

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