Paternal thrombophilia and recurrent implantation failure: an exploratory case-control study.

Objective: Many pieces of literature have reported that inherited and acquired thrombophilia might be a risk factor for recurrent implantation failure (RIF), however, most studies have only focused on RIF patients and not their male partners. We studied the possible association of paternal thrombophilia with RIF risk.

Methods: Forty-two male partners aged 20-45 suffered from RIF compared with 42 males from couples with at least one successful pregnancy. All participants were investigated for thrombophilia markers.

Results: The prevalence of coagulation Factor V activity was significantly higher in the case group (42.9%) than in the control group (16.7%) (p=0.008) (OR=3.75; 95% CI, 1.38, 10.12). The prevalence of protein C and protein S deficiencies in RIF patients were 4.8% and 2.4%, respectively, and 0% in the controls. The prevalence of antithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency was significantly higher in the case group (19%) than in the control group (2.4%) (p=0.01). None of MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C were statistically significant between the two groups. Combined thrombophilia was 45.2% in the men of the RIF group when compared with the control, 14.2% (p=0.001) (OR = 4.95; 95% CI, 1.75-13.86).

Conclusions: Paternal thrombophilia may be related to recurrent implantation failure, so evaluation of this factor in RIF patients could be used to identify relevant risk groups and may help in the proper management of these cases to enhance the chance of implantation.