女性体内内源性和外源性雌激素的代谢。

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Frank Z. Stanczyk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

雌激素调节生殖、骨骼、心血管和中枢神经系统的重要过程,影响女性的整体健康。了解内源性和外源性雌激素代谢对确定雌激素治疗水平至关重要。本综述概述了非孕期和孕期妇女体内形成的雌激素代谢物以及外源性雌激素产生的代谢物。内源性雌激素主要有四种:雌酮(E1)、雌二醇(E2)、雌三醇(E3)和雌三醇(E4)。E4 仅在妊娠期产生,最近已成为一种具有重大治疗潜力的雌激素。E1、E2 和 E3 主要通过 I 期(羟化、氧化、还原)和 II 期(主要是共轭)反应进行广泛的新陈代谢,而 E4 只经过 II 期反应。常用于更年期治疗和/或避孕的外源性雌激素,包括微粉化 E2、共轭马雌激素和炔雌醇,也会发生 I 期和 II 期反应,但所形成的代谢物类型差别很大。人们对雌激素代谢物的形成机制及其在尿液、胆汁和粪便中的排泄情况仍知之甚少。我们强调了需要进一步研究的领域,以便更好地了解雌激素代谢如何影响雌激素的治疗剂量以及内源性雌激素的生理调节。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Metabolism of endogenous and exogenous estrogens in women

Estrogens regulate important processes in reproductive, skeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems that impact women’s overall health. Understanding endogenous and exogenously administered estrogen metabolism is vital to determining therapeutic estrogen levels. The present review provides an overview of estrogen metabolites formed in non-pregnant and pregnant women, and those resulting from exogenous estrogen administration. There are four principal endogenous estrogens: estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and estetrol (E4). E4, which is produced only in pregnancy, has emerged recently as an estrogen with significant therapeutic potential. E1, E2, and E3 undergo extensive metabolism primarily through phase I (hydroxylation, oxidation, reduction) and phase II (primarily conjugation) reactions, whereas E4 undergoes only phase II reactions. Exogenous estrogens commonly used for menopausal treatment and/or contraception, including micronized E2, conjugated equine estrogens, and ethinyl estradiol, also undergo phase I and phase II reactions, but differ widely in the types of metabolites formed. The mechanisms by which estrogen metabolites are formed and their excretion in urine, bile, and feces, are still poorly understood. We highlight areas that require further research to foster a better understanding of how estrogen metabolism impacts dosing of oral estrogens for therapeutic use, as well as the physiological regulation of endogenous estrogens.

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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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