{"title":"主要饮食模式对健康成年人认知功能影响的系统评估和荟萃分析。","authors":"HanQing Guo, Qi Tian, XueMei Qin, Qing Luo, XiuMei Gong, Qinghan Gao","doi":"10.1080/1028415X.2024.2342164","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Evidence shows diet promotes brain health. Combining foods and nutrients may have beneficial synergistic effects, but the effects on cognitive function interventions are inconsistent. So, a meta-analysis of RCTs was conducted to examine the specific effects on cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched four databases from creation to April 2023. Eligible randomized controlled trials were identified. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to combine standardized mean differences (SMD) (95% confidence intervals [CI]), and homogeneity tests for a variance were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 19 studies involving 12,119 participants were included in this systematic review. The dietary intervention group had a positive effect on overall cognitive functioning compared to the control group (SMD = 0.14, 95% CI [0.08, 0.20], <i>P</i> < 0.00001). The dietary intervention improved executive function, processing speed and language skills (SMD = -0.10, 95% CI [-0.17,-0.04], <i>P</i> = 0.002, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%), (SMD = -0.16, 95% CI [-0.23,-0.09], <i>P</i> < 0.00001, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%), (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI [0.01, 0.20], <i>P</i> = 0.03, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%). The dietary intervention had no effect on delayed memory and spatial ability (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI [-0.02, 0.09], <i>P</i> = 0.20, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%), (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI [-0.01, 0.16], <i>P</i> = 0.08, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Mediterranean diet, a diet with restricted caloric intake, a diet incorporating aerobic exercise, a low-carbohydrate diet, and a healthy lifestyle diet (increased intake of fruits and vegetables, and weight and blood pressure management) appear to have positive effects on cognitively healthy adults, as reflected in their overall cognitive, processing speed, executive, and language functions.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42023414704.</p>","PeriodicalId":19423,"journal":{"name":"Nutritional Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of the effects of major dietary patterns on cognitive function in healthy adults.\",\"authors\":\"HanQing Guo, Qi Tian, XueMei Qin, Qing Luo, XiuMei Gong, Qinghan Gao\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/1028415X.2024.2342164\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Evidence shows diet promotes brain health. Combining foods and nutrients may have beneficial synergistic effects, but the effects on cognitive function interventions are inconsistent. So, a meta-analysis of RCTs was conducted to examine the specific effects on cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched four databases from creation to April 2023. Eligible randomized controlled trials were identified. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to combine standardized mean differences (SMD) (95% confidence intervals [CI]), and homogeneity tests for a variance were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 19 studies involving 12,119 participants were included in this systematic review. The dietary intervention group had a positive effect on overall cognitive functioning compared to the control group (SMD = 0.14, 95% CI [0.08, 0.20], <i>P</i> < 0.00001). The dietary intervention improved executive function, processing speed and language skills (SMD = -0.10, 95% CI [-0.17,-0.04], <i>P</i> = 0.002, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%), (SMD = -0.16, 95% CI [-0.23,-0.09], <i>P</i> < 0.00001, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%), (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI [0.01, 0.20], <i>P</i> = 0.03, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%). The dietary intervention had no effect on delayed memory and spatial ability (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI [-0.02, 0.09], <i>P</i> = 0.20, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%), (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI [-0.01, 0.16], <i>P</i> = 0.08, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Mediterranean diet, a diet with restricted caloric intake, a diet incorporating aerobic exercise, a low-carbohydrate diet, and a healthy lifestyle diet (increased intake of fruits and vegetables, and weight and blood pressure management) appear to have positive effects on cognitively healthy adults, as reflected in their overall cognitive, processing speed, executive, and language functions.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42023414704.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19423,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Nutritional Neuroscience\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1-17\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Nutritional Neuroscience\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2024.2342164\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/4/30 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"NEUROSCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nutritional Neuroscience","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2024.2342164","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/4/30 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：有证据表明，饮食能促进大脑健康。结合食物和营养素可能会产生有益的协同效应，但对认知功能干预的效果并不一致。因此，我们对研究性试验进行了荟萃分析，以研究其对认知功能的具体影响：方法：我们检索了从创建到 2023 年 4 月的四个数据库。确定了符合条件的随机对照试验。采用随机效应荟萃分析法合并标准化均值差异（SMD）（95% 置信区间 [CI]），并计算方差的同质性检验：本系统综述共纳入了 19 项研究，涉及 12 119 名参与者。与对照组相比，饮食干预组对整体认知功能有积极影响（SMD = 0.14，95% CI [0.08，0.20]，P P = 0.002，I2 = 0%），（SMD = -0.16，95% CI [-0.23，-0.09]，P I2 = 0%），（SMD = 0.10，95% CI [0.01，0.20]，P = 0.03，I2 = 0%）。饮食干预对延迟记忆和空间能力没有影响（SMD = 0.04，95% CI [-0.02，0.09]，P = 0.20，I2 = 0%），（SMD = 0.08，95% CI [-0.01，0.16]，P = 0.08，I2 = 0%）：地中海饮食、限制热量摄入饮食、结合有氧运动的饮食、低碳水化合物饮食和健康生活方式饮食（增加水果和蔬菜摄入量、控制体重和血压）似乎对认知能力健康的成年人有积极影响，这反映在他们的整体认知、处理速度、执行力和语言功能上：CRD42023414704。
Systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of the effects of major dietary patterns on cognitive function in healthy adults.
Purpose: Evidence shows diet promotes brain health. Combining foods and nutrients may have beneficial synergistic effects, but the effects on cognitive function interventions are inconsistent. So, a meta-analysis of RCTs was conducted to examine the specific effects on cognitive function.
Methods: We searched four databases from creation to April 2023. Eligible randomized controlled trials were identified. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to combine standardized mean differences (SMD) (95% confidence intervals [CI]), and homogeneity tests for a variance were calculated.
Results: A total of 19 studies involving 12,119 participants were included in this systematic review. The dietary intervention group had a positive effect on overall cognitive functioning compared to the control group (SMD = 0.14, 95% CI [0.08, 0.20], P < 0.00001). The dietary intervention improved executive function, processing speed and language skills (SMD = -0.10, 95% CI [-0.17,-0.04], P = 0.002, I2 = 0%), (SMD = -0.16, 95% CI [-0.23,-0.09], P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%), (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI [0.01, 0.20], P = 0.03, I2 = 0%). The dietary intervention had no effect on delayed memory and spatial ability (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI [-0.02, 0.09], P = 0.20, I2 = 0%), (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI [-0.01, 0.16], P = 0.08, I2 = 0%).
Conclusion: The Mediterranean diet, a diet with restricted caloric intake, a diet incorporating aerobic exercise, a low-carbohydrate diet, and a healthy lifestyle diet (increased intake of fruits and vegetables, and weight and blood pressure management) appear to have positive effects on cognitively healthy adults, as reflected in their overall cognitive, processing speed, executive, and language functions.
期刊介绍：
Nutritional Neuroscience is an international, interdisciplinary broad-based, online journal for reporting both basic and clinical research in the field of nutrition that relates to the central and peripheral nervous system. Studies may include the role of different components of normal diet (protein, carbohydrate, fat, moderate use of alcohol, etc.), dietary supplements (minerals, vitamins, hormones, herbs, etc.), and food additives (artificial flavours, colours, sweeteners, etc.) on neurochemistry, neurobiology, and behavioural biology of all vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. Ideally this journal will serve as a forum for neuroscientists, nutritionists, neurologists, psychiatrists, and those interested in preventive medicine.
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