利用井式混合箱模型估算室内游泳池空气中的三氯胺含量。

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Elham Ahmadpour, Maximilien Debia
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引用次数: 0

摘要

接触空气中的消毒副产品,尤其是三氯胺(TCA),可能会对室内游泳池的职业健康造成各种影响。然而,三氯乙酸浓度测量需要在特定实验室进行专业分析,这可能会导致巨大的成本和时间限制。作为一种替代方法,估算暴露量的建模技术在应对这些挑战方面大有可为。本研究旨在使用美国工业卫生协会网站上免费提供的 IHMOD 工具中的数学模型--井混合箱模型,预测室内游泳池中空气中的三氯乙酸浓度。该模型的预测结果与在不同的游泳者负荷情况下测得的 TCA 浓度进行了比较。这项研究包括在加拿大魁北克省的四个室内游泳池中,在 16 到 18 个小时的时间内,连续 2 小时对工作场所进行测量。三氯乙酸浓度的估算采用了良好混合箱模型,假定游泳池环境中的空气混合均匀。我们开发了一种新方法来估算游泳池水中的三氯乙酸生成率,并将游泳人数纳入模型中。1 号、2 号、3 号和 4 号游泳池的三氯乙酸平均测量浓度分别为 0.24、0.26、0.14 和 0.34 毫克/立方米。这些游泳池的测量平均浓度与相应预测值的比率分别为 0.51 至 1.30、0.67 至 1.04、0.57 至 1.14 和 0.68 至 1.49。在最糟糕的情况下,模拟游泳池满负荷运行(允许的最大沐浴人数),1、2、3 和 4 号游泳池的三氯乙酸浓度估计分别为 0.23、0.36、0.14 和 0.37 mg/m3。通过调整游泳人数以不超过 0.35 毫克/立方米的建议职业限值浓度来重新计算浓度,得出 2 号和 4 号游泳池的最大游泳人数分别为 63 人和 335 人,而不是目前的 80 人和 424 人。同样,对于 1 号和 3 号游泳池,游泳者的最多人数分别为 173 人和 398 人(而不是目前的 160 人和 225 人)。这些结果表明,该模型可用于估计和预测各种情况下室内游泳池的空气中三氯乙酸水平。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Estimating airborne trichloramine levels in indoor swimming pools using the well-mixed box model.

Exposure to airborne disinfection by-products, especially trichloramine (TCA), could cause various occupational health effects in indoor swimming pools. However, TCA concentration measurements involve specialized analysis conducted in specific laboratories, which can result in significant costs and time constraints. As an alternative, modeling techniques for estimating exposures are promising in addressing these challenges. This study aims to predict airborne TCA concentrations in indoor swimming pools using a mathematical model, the well-mixed box model, found in the IHMOD tool, freely available on the American Industrial Hygiene Association website. The model's predictions are compared with TCA concentrations measured during various bather load scenarios. The research involved conducting 2-hr successive workplace measurements over 16- to 18-hr periods in four indoor swimming pools in Quebec, Canada. TCA concentrations were estimated using the well-mixed box model, assuming a homogeneous mixing of air within the swimming pool environment. A novel approach was developed to estimate the TCA generation rate from swimming pool water, incorporating the number of swimmers in the model. Average measured concentrations of TCA were 0.24, 0.26, 0.14, and 0.34 mg/m3 for swimming pools 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The ratio of these measured average concentrations to their corresponding predicted values ranged from 0.51 to 1.30, 0.67 to 1.04, 0.57 to 1.14, and 0.68 to 1.49 for the respective swimming pools. In a worst-case scenario simulating the swimming pool at full capacity (maximum bathers allowed), TCA concentrations were estimated as 0.23, 0.36, 0.14, and 0.37 mg/m3 for swimming pools 1, 2, 3, and 4. Recalculated concentrations by adjusting the number of swimmers so as not to exceed the recommended occupational limit concentration of 0.35 mg/m3 gives a maximum number of swimmers of 63 and 335 instead of currently 80 and 424 for swimming pools 2 and 4, respectively. Similarly, for swimming pools 1 and 3, the maximum number of swimmers could be 173 and 398 (instead of the current 160 and 225, respectively). These results demonstrated that the model could be used to estimate and anticipate airborne TCA levels in indoor swimming pools across various scenarios.

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来源期刊
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 环境科学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
10.00%
发文量
81
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene ( JOEH ) is a joint publication of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA®) and ACGIH®. The JOEH is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to enhancing the knowledge and practice of occupational and environmental hygiene and safety by widely disseminating research articles and applied studies of the highest quality. The JOEH provides a written medium for the communication of ideas, methods, processes, and research in core and emerging areas of occupational and environmental hygiene. Core domains include, but are not limited to: exposure assessment, control strategies, ergonomics, and risk analysis. Emerging domains include, but are not limited to: sensor technology, emergency preparedness and response, changing workforce, and management and analysis of "big" data.
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