Mohammed Aljarousha, Noor Ezailina Badarudin, Mohd Zulfaezal Che Azemin, Yousef Aljeesh, Abuimara Amer, Muhammad Afzam Shah Abdul Rahim
{"title":"巴勒斯坦南部地区干眼症的患病率和风险因素。","authors":"Mohammed Aljarousha, Noor Ezailina Badarudin, Mohd Zulfaezal Che Azemin, Yousef Aljeesh, Abuimara Amer, Muhammad Afzam Shah Abdul Rahim","doi":"10.21315/mjms2024.31.2.8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) is rising globally and needs to be urgently addressed by medical professionals because it lowers patients' quality of life. There are as yet no available data in the literature about the prevalence of and risk factors for DED in the Gaza Strip, a gap that the present study seeks to address.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out between March and August 2022 in Gaza governorates using a proportional stratified sampling technique. Only Gazan individuals ≥ 18 years old and able to follow the instructions were included. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, which has previously been translated into Arabic and validated, was applied to evaluate DED symptoms. Subjective clinical tests for DED conducted were tear meniscus height (TMH), meibomian gland dysfunctions (MGDs), Marx line (ML), conjunctival Lissamine green staining (LGS), tear film break-up time test (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) and Schirmer II tear test (STT). DED was defined based on an Arab-OSDI score ≥ 13 and at least one positive clinical sign.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 426 participants were assessed from four areas (North Gaza Strip, 82; Gaza City, 147; Mid-Zone Gaza Strip, 62; South Gaza Strip, 135). The prevalence of DED in the present study was 31.5% (95% CI: 27.1, 36.1). Age > 50 years old (odds ratio [OR] = 10.45; 95% CI: 2.95, 37.05; <i>P</i> < 0.001), female gender (OR = 3.24; 95% CI: 1.40, 7.52, <i>P</i> = 0.006), menopause or pregnancy (OR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.25, 5.35; <i>P</i> = 0.03) and pharmacotherapy (artificial tears; OR = 9.91; 95% CI: 2.77, 35.46; <i>P</i> < 0.001) were each associated with DED symptoms. South Gaza Strip (OR = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.12; <i>P</i> < 0.001), unemployed (OR = 11.67; 95% CI: 1.43, 95.44; <i>P</i> = 0.02), non-consumption of caffeine (OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.88; <i>P</i> = 0.02) and TMH < 0.2 (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.19; <i>P</i> = 0.04) were associated with TBUT < 5 s. LGS was associated with those > 50 years old (OR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.38, 5.28; <i>P</i> = 0.004), previous refractive or ocular surface surgeries (OR = 2.97; 95% CI: 1.34, 6.59; <i>P</i> = 0.008) and CFS ≥ 1 (OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.44; <i>P</i> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Various aspects of DED were linked with different risk factors, suggesting that DED subtypes have different underlying pathophysiologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47388,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11057840/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease in the South of Palestine.\",\"authors\":\"Mohammed Aljarousha, Noor Ezailina Badarudin, Mohd Zulfaezal Che Azemin, Yousef Aljeesh, Abuimara Amer, Muhammad Afzam Shah Abdul Rahim\",\"doi\":\"10.21315/mjms2024.31.2.8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) is rising globally and needs to be urgently addressed by medical professionals because it lowers patients' quality of life. There are as yet no available data in the literature about the prevalence of and risk factors for DED in the Gaza Strip, a gap that the present study seeks to address.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out between March and August 2022 in Gaza governorates using a proportional stratified sampling technique. Only Gazan individuals ≥ 18 years old and able to follow the instructions were included. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, which has previously been translated into Arabic and validated, was applied to evaluate DED symptoms. Subjective clinical tests for DED conducted were tear meniscus height (TMH), meibomian gland dysfunctions (MGDs), Marx line (ML), conjunctival Lissamine green staining (LGS), tear film break-up time test (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) and Schirmer II tear test (STT). DED was defined based on an Arab-OSDI score ≥ 13 and at least one positive clinical sign.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 426 participants were assessed from four areas (North Gaza Strip, 82; Gaza City, 147; Mid-Zone Gaza Strip, 62; South Gaza Strip, 135). The prevalence of DED in the present study was 31.5% (95% CI: 27.1, 36.1). Age > 50 years old (odds ratio [OR] = 10.45; 95% CI: 2.95, 37.05; <i>P</i> < 0.001), female gender (OR = 3.24; 95% CI: 1.40, 7.52, <i>P</i> = 0.006), menopause or pregnancy (OR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.25, 5.35; <i>P</i> = 0.03) and pharmacotherapy (artificial tears; OR = 9.91; 95% CI: 2.77, 35.46; <i>P</i> < 0.001) were each associated with DED symptoms. South Gaza Strip (OR = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.12; <i>P</i> < 0.001), unemployed (OR = 11.67; 95% CI: 1.43, 95.44; <i>P</i> = 0.02), non-consumption of caffeine (OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.88; <i>P</i> = 0.02) and TMH < 0.2 (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.19; <i>P</i> = 0.04) were associated with TBUT < 5 s. LGS was associated with those > 50 years old (OR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.38, 5.28; <i>P</i> = 0.004), previous refractive or ocular surface surgeries (OR = 2.97; 95% CI: 1.34, 6.59; <i>P</i> = 0.008) and CFS ≥ 1 (OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.44; <i>P</i> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Various aspects of DED were linked with different risk factors, suggesting that DED subtypes have different underlying pathophysiologies.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":47388,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11057840/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.2.8\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/4/23 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.2.8","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/4/23 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease in the South of Palestine.
Background: The prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) is rising globally and needs to be urgently addressed by medical professionals because it lowers patients' quality of life. There are as yet no available data in the literature about the prevalence of and risk factors for DED in the Gaza Strip, a gap that the present study seeks to address.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between March and August 2022 in Gaza governorates using a proportional stratified sampling technique. Only Gazan individuals ≥ 18 years old and able to follow the instructions were included. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, which has previously been translated into Arabic and validated, was applied to evaluate DED symptoms. Subjective clinical tests for DED conducted were tear meniscus height (TMH), meibomian gland dysfunctions (MGDs), Marx line (ML), conjunctival Lissamine green staining (LGS), tear film break-up time test (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) and Schirmer II tear test (STT). DED was defined based on an Arab-OSDI score ≥ 13 and at least one positive clinical sign.
Results: A total of 426 participants were assessed from four areas (North Gaza Strip, 82; Gaza City, 147; Mid-Zone Gaza Strip, 62; South Gaza Strip, 135). The prevalence of DED in the present study was 31.5% (95% CI: 27.1, 36.1). Age > 50 years old (odds ratio [OR] = 10.45; 95% CI: 2.95, 37.05; P < 0.001), female gender (OR = 3.24; 95% CI: 1.40, 7.52, P = 0.006), menopause or pregnancy (OR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.25, 5.35; P = 0.03) and pharmacotherapy (artificial tears; OR = 9.91; 95% CI: 2.77, 35.46; P < 0.001) were each associated with DED symptoms. South Gaza Strip (OR = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.12; P < 0.001), unemployed (OR = 11.67; 95% CI: 1.43, 95.44; P = 0.02), non-consumption of caffeine (OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.88; P = 0.02) and TMH < 0.2 (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.19; P = 0.04) were associated with TBUT < 5 s. LGS was associated with those > 50 years old (OR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.38, 5.28; P = 0.004), previous refractive or ocular surface surgeries (OR = 2.97; 95% CI: 1.34, 6.59; P = 0.008) and CFS ≥ 1 (OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.44; P = 0.03).
Conclusion: Various aspects of DED were linked with different risk factors, suggesting that DED subtypes have different underlying pathophysiologies.
期刊介绍：
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access, fully online journal that is published at least six times a year. The journal’s scope encompasses all aspects of medical sciences including biomedical, allied health, clinical and social sciences. We accept high quality papers from basic to translational research especially from low & middle income countries, as classified by the United Nations & World Bank (https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/ articles/906519), with the aim that published research will benefit back the bottom billion population from these countries. Manuscripts submitted from developed or high income countries to MJMS must contain data and information that will benefit the socio-health and bio-medical sciences of these low and middle income countries. The MJMS editorial board consists of internationally regarded clinicians and scientists from low and middle income countries.
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