沙层--乌尔米耶湖西部滩涂的主要沙尘源--对土壤-沙尘特性和稳定性的综合研究

IF 3.5 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Nikou Hamzehpour , Gholam Reza Mahdavinia , Mehdi Rahmati
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人为活动加速了气候变化,导致世界各地的盐湖萎缩并最终消失。伊朗西北部的乌尔米耶湖(LU)逐渐干涸,成为干涸湖泊的一个例子,导致湖床沉积物裸露,在某些地区具有巨大的尘埃排放潜力。乌尔米耶湖西部的沙层被认为是该地区气溶胶的主要来源之一。然而,从这一地区吹出的沙尘并没有很好的特征。因此,本次研究的目的是全面调查来自沙层的粉尘的来源、粉尘的特征和气溶胶的时间变化,并测试应用海藻酸钠(SA)对土壤板结和稳定的效果。土壤样本于 2020 年 8 月从沙盘上的两种主要土壤类型中采集。灰尘样本也在四个时间段内采集:7 月和 8 月(旱季开始);10 月和 11 月(雨季开始)。使用不同浓度的 SA 和不同的施用方法,研究了诱导结壳的效果。结果发现,土壤和灰尘样本的主要成分是具有细长针状形状的霰石矿物。粉尘特征的时间变化及其与粉尘源的元素相关性表明,7 月至 8 月期间,粘土、盐分和粉砂含量较高的粉尘源 1(DS)对粉尘成分的贡献较大(DS > 0.75,而 DS > 0.58),而 10 月至 11 月期间,盐分较少、含沙量较高的粉尘源 2(DS)则成为粉尘成分的主要贡献者(DS > 0.91,而 DS > 0.75)。对 DS 和 DS 进行稳定化处理的结果表明,由于 DS 上含有较多的粘土、粉砂、盐分、有机物和较少的文石矿物,SA 诱导的结壳比 DS 更稳定。在所有浓度的干土(DSp)或最佳含水量(WSp)上,用压实法诱导 SA 结壳的效果明显优于喷洒 SA。尽管如此,喷雾法在田间规模上更为可行,而且在 DSp 和 WSp 两种方法中,SA 都能改善结壳厚度。扫描电子显微镜-能量色散 X 射线光谱法(SEM-EDX)和热重分析法(TGA)证实,在施用 SA 三个月后,土壤表面仍残留有 SA,这表明 SA 溶液在稳定沙层方面具有有效的性能。因此,在田间规模的应用可能会减少气溶胶的释放和向周围地区的迁移。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Sand sheets—the major dust source in the western Lake Urmia playa—A comprehensive study of the soil-dust properties and stabilization

Sand sheets—the major dust source in the western Lake Urmia playa—A comprehensive study of the soil-dust properties and stabilization

Sand sheets—the major dust source in the western Lake Urmia playa—A comprehensive study of the soil-dust properties and stabilization

Climate change accelerated by anthropogenic activities has led to the shrinkage and eventually disappearance of salt lakes all over the world. Gradual desiccation of Lake Urmia (LU) in northwestern Iran, as one example of desiccating lakes, has led to the exposure of the lakebed sediment with enormous dust emission potential in some parts. Sand sheets of western LU are identified as one of the major contributors to aerosols in this region. Yet, dust blown from this area is not well characterized. The aims of the current study were, therefore, to comprehensively investigate the origin of dust from sand sheets; the characteristics of dust and temporal variability of the aerosol and to test the effectiveness of the application of sodium alginate (SA) on soil crusting and stabilization. Soil samples were collected from the two prevailing soil types from sand sheets in August 2020. Dust samples were also collected during four time periods: July and August (the beginning of the dry season); October and November (the beginning of the wet season). Using SA with varying concentrations and different methods of application, the effectiveness of the induced crusts was investigated. Authigenic aragonite minerals with elongated needle shapes were found to be the major constituent of the soil and dust samples. Temporal variability of the dust characteristics and their elemental correlation to dust sources revealed that while dust source 1 (DS1) with higher clay, salt, and silt contents contribute more to the dust composition from July to August (R2 > 0.75 for DS1 versus R2 > 0.58 for DS2), dust source 2 (DS2) with less salinity and higher sand content becomes the major contributor to dust composition from October to November (R2 > 0.91 for DS2 versus R2 > 0.75 for DS1). Results of stabilizing both DS1 and DS2 showed that SA-induced crusts on DS1 are more stable than DS2 due to the presence of higher clay, silt, salt, organic matter, and lower aragonite minerals. SA-induced crusts by a compaction method significantly performed better than a spray of SA on either dry (DSp) or soil at its optimum water content (WSp) at all concentrations. Nevertheless, spray methods are more feasible at the field scale and in both DSp and WSp methods, SA0.5 improved the crust thickness. Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) along with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the remaining SA on the soil surface three months after its application indicating the effective performance of the SA solution in sand sheets stabilization. Hence, its application at the field scale could possibly reduce aerosol release and transport to surrounding areas.

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来源期刊
International Journal of Sediment Research
International Journal of Sediment Research 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
5.60%
发文量
88
审稿时长
74 days
期刊介绍: International Journal of Sediment Research, the Official Journal of The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research, publishes scientific and technical papers on all aspects of erosion and sedimentation interpreted in its widest sense. The subject matter is to include not only the mechanics of sediment transport and fluvial processes, but also what is related to geography, geomorphology, soil erosion, watershed management, sedimentology, environmental and ecological impacts of sedimentation, social and economical effects of sedimentation and its assessment, etc. Special attention is paid to engineering problems related to sedimentation and erosion.
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