输掉比赛会降低与对手交配的倾向吗?实验测试

IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Chenke Zang, Meng-Han Joseph Chung, Teresa Neeman, Lauren Harrison, Ivan M Vinogradov, Michael D Jennions
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引用次数: 0

摘要

雄性与雄性之间为获得雌性或繁殖资源而进行的争斗是决定雄性繁殖成功与否的关键。体型较大的雄性和拥有更有效武器的雄性更有可能在争斗中获胜。然而,即使在控制了这些预测战斗能力的因素后,仍有研究报告称存在输赢效应:以前的赢家更有可能在以后的竞争中获胜,而输家往往屡战屡败。虽然胜负效应对未来战斗结果的影响已得到充分证实,但其对其他行为(如交配)的影响仍鲜有研究。在这里,我们测试了输赢经历是否会影响雄性蚊子鱼(Gambusia holbrooki)对竞争对手和潜在配偶的后续行为。我们将焦点雄性蚊鱼与体型较小或较大的对手饲养24小时,操纵它们的搏斗经历,使其分别成为赢家或输家。然后,这些雄性病灶鱼接受测试,要求它们进入并游过一条狭窄的走廊,绕过一个装有较大的雄性对手(竞争情景)、幼鱼或空筒(非竞争情景)的圆筒,到达雌鱼身边。一周后重复测试。获胜者更有可能离开起始区并到达雌性身边,但只有当出现较大的对手时才会如此,这表明在攻击性互动中,获胜者的冒险行为水平更高。这种输赢效应至少持续了一周。我们认为,雄性蚊子鱼在比赛后会调整对自己和/或对手战斗能力的评估,而研究人员能否发现这种调整取决于社会环境。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Does losing reduce the tendency to engage with rivals to reach mates? An experimental test
Male-male contests for access to females or breeding resources is critical in determining male reproductive success. Larger males and those with more effective weaponry are more likely to win fights. However, even after controlling for such predictors of fighting ability, studies have reported a winner-loser effect: previous winners are more likely to win subsequent contests, while losers often suffer repeated defeats. While the effect of winning-losing is well-documented for the outcome of future fights, its effect on other behaviors (e.g., mating) remains poorly investigated. Here, we test whether a winning versus losing experience influenced subsequent behaviors of male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) towards rivals and potential mates. We housed focal males with either a smaller or larger opponent for 24 hours to manipulate their fighting experience to become winners or losers, respectively. The focal males then underwent tests that required them to enter and swim through a narrow corridor to reach females, bypassing a cylinder that contained either a larger rival male (competitive scenario), a juvenile or was empty (non-competitive scenarios). The tests were repeated after one week. Winners were more likely to leave the start area and to reach the females, but only when a larger rival was presented, indicating higher levels of risk-taking behavior in aggressive interactions. This winner-loser effect persisted for at least one week. We suggest that male mosquitofish adjust their assessment of their own and/or their rival’s fighting ability following contests in ways whose detection by researchers depends on the social context.
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来源期刊
Behavioral Ecology
Behavioral Ecology 环境科学-动物学
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
8.30%
发文量
93
审稿时长
3.0 months
期刊介绍: Studies on the whole range of behaving organisms, including plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, and humans, are included. Behavioral Ecology construes the field in its broadest sense to include 1) the use of ecological and evolutionary processes to explain the occurrence and adaptive significance of behavior patterns; 2) the use of behavioral processes to predict ecological patterns, and 3) empirical, comparative analyses relating behavior to the environment in which it occurs.
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