非饱和土壤中 PFAS 的孔隙水浓度:实地和实验室比较为空气-水界面的 PFAS 积累提供信息

IF 3.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Charles E. Schaefer , Dung Nguyen , Yida Fang , Nicholas Gonda , Chuhui Zhang , Stephanie Shea , Christopher P. Higgins
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引用次数: 0

摘要

受水成膜泡沫(AFFFs)影响的非饱和土壤中的聚全氟烷基和全氟烷基化合物(PFAS)沥滤是一项环境挑战,目前仍难以测量和预测。使这一过程的测量和预测复杂化的是,在收集的环境非饱和土壤样本中测得的 PFAS 浓度与使用现场部署的溶解仪在相应孔隙水中测得的 PFAS 浓度之间缺乏了解。此外,台架规模的批量测试是否适用于评估这种关系也仍不确定。在本研究中,使用现场部署的多孔杯吸式溶样仪测量了 5 个受 AFFF 影响地点的非饱和土壤中的 PFAS 孔隙水浓度。将实地测量的 PFAS 孔隙水浓度与实验室从收集的非饱和土壤岩心中提取的孔隙水浓度以及实验室使用批次土壤浆液测量的 PFAS 浓度进行了比较。结果表明,尽管大多数测试点距离上一次释放 AFFF 已过去数年,但在 5 个测试点中,有 3 个测试点的前体含量很高。现场溶度计结果与实验室测试结果的比较表明,在本研究的至少 3 个地点和条件下,局部平衡假设是有效的。令人惊讶的是,在两个测试地点,空气-水界面的全氟辛烷磺酸累积量比预期的要少很多,这表明在了解受 AFFF 影响地点空气-水界面的全氟辛烷磺酸累积情况方面可能存在差距。最后,本文的结果表明,在某些情况下,对非饱和土壤进行的台阶试验可用于了解原位孔隙水中的全氟辛烷磺酸浓度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
PFAS Porewater concentrations in unsaturated soil: Field and laboratory comparisons inform on PFAS accumulation at air-water interfaces

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) leaching from unsaturated soils impacted with aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) is an environmental challenge that remains difficult to measure and predict. Complicating measurements and predictions of this process is a lack of understanding between the PFAS concentrations measured in a collected environmental unsaturated soil sample, and the PFAS concentrations measured in the corresponding porewater using field-deployed lysimeters. The applicability of bench-scale batch testing to assess this relationship also remains uncertain. In this study, field-deployed porous cup suction lysimeters were used to measure PFAS porewater concentrations in unsaturated soils at 5 AFFF-impacted sites. Field-measured PFAS porewater concentrations were compared to those measured in porewater extracted in the laboratory from collected unsaturated soil cores, and from PFAS concentrations measured in the laboratory using batch soil slurries. Results showed that, despite several years since the last AFFF release at most of the test sites, precursors were abundant in 3 out of the 5 sites. Comparison of field lysimeter results to laboratory testing suggested that the local equilibrium assumption was valid for at least 3 of the sites and conditions of this study. Surprisingly, PFAS accumulation at the air-water interface was orders of magnitude less than expected at two of the test sites, suggesting potential gaps in the understanding of PFAS accumulation at the air-water interface at AFFF-impacted sites. Finally, results herein suggest that bench-scale testing on unsaturated soils can in some cases be used to inform on PFAS in situ porewater concentrations.

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来源期刊
Journal of contaminant hydrology
Journal of contaminant hydrology 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
2.80%
发文量
129
审稿时长
68 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Contaminant Hydrology is an international journal publishing scientific articles pertaining to the contamination of subsurface water resources. Emphasis is placed on investigations of the physical, chemical, and biological processes influencing the behavior and fate of organic and inorganic contaminants in the unsaturated (vadose) and saturated (groundwater) zones, as well as at groundwater-surface water interfaces. The ecological impacts of contaminants transported both from and to aquifers are of interest. Articles on contamination of surface water only, without a link to groundwater, are out of the scope. Broad latitude is allowed in identifying contaminants of interest, and include legacy and emerging pollutants, nutrients, nanoparticles, pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses, protozoa), microplastics, and various constituents associated with energy production (e.g., methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide). The journal''s scope embraces a wide range of topics including: experimental investigations of contaminant sorption, diffusion, transformation, volatilization and transport in the surface and subsurface; characterization of soil and aquifer properties only as they influence contaminant behavior; development and testing of mathematical models of contaminant behaviour; innovative techniques for restoration of contaminated sites; development of new tools or techniques for monitoring the extent of soil and groundwater contamination; transformation of contaminants in the hyporheic zone; effects of contaminants traversing the hyporheic zone on surface water and groundwater ecosystems; subsurface carbon sequestration and/or turnover; and migration of fluids associated with energy production into groundwater.
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