超级循环--过去、现在和未来:叙事回顾

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES
Lucas Tiemeier, Pantelis T. Nikolaidis, Daniela Chlíbková, Matthias Wilhelm, Mabliny Thuany, Katja Weiss, Beat Knechtle
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在包括自行车运动在内的多种运动项目中,超耐力比赛越来越受欢迎。随着超级自行车赛事的数量不断增加,影响参赛和成绩的各个方面都引起了自行车界的关注。因此,本综述旨在根据现有文献,评估所提供的比赛类型、自行车运动员的特点、比赛期间的体液和能量平衡、赛后的体质变化以及可能提高成绩的参数。我们在 PubMed、Scopus 和 Google Scholar 中使用 "ultracycling"、"ultra cycling"、"ultra-cycling"、"ultra-endurance biking"、"ultra-bikers "和 "prolonged cycling "进行了文献检索。搜索结果有 948 项,其中 111 项与本综述相关。根据研究重点对这些研究进行了分类,并对结果进行了总结。研究结果表明,生理参数、免疫和氧化过程以及体液和能量平衡都发生了变化。虽然发表研究最多的单项比赛是 "横跨美国",但大多数比赛都是在欧洲举行的,而且观察到参加国际比赛的欧洲人呈上升趋势。成绩似乎受年龄和性别等特征的影响,但不受皮肤褶皱厚度等人体测量参数的影响。最佳年龄约为 40 岁。大多数参加超级自行车赛的运动员都是男性,但在过去几年中,女性运动员的人数一直在增加。由于女性运动员参加超级自行车赛的时间较晚,且参与程度不高,因此对她们的研究还不够。据观察,超级自行车赛后会出现赛后能量不足的现象。未来的研究需要调查观察到的最佳比赛年龄为 40 岁左右的原因,以及考虑到个人比赛的长度和条件,弥补观察到的能量缺口的最佳营养供应。未来研究需要填补的另一个研究空白是制定策略,解决比赛期间可能持续到赛后的炎症过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ultra-Cycling– Past, Present, Future: A Narrative Review
Ultra-endurance events are gaining popularity in multiple exercise disciplines, including cycling. With increasing numbers of ultra-cycling events, aspects influencing participation and performance are of interest to the cycling community. The aim of this narrative review was, therefore, to assess the types of races offered, the characteristics of the cyclists, the fluid and energy balance during the race, the body mass changes after the race, and the parameters that may enhance performance based on existing literature. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the search terms ‘ultracycling’, ‘ultra cycling’, ‘ultra-cycling’, ‘ultra-endurance biking’, ‘ultra-bikers’ and ‘prolonged cycling’. The search yielded 948 results, of which 111 were relevant for this review. The studies were classified according to their research focus and the results were summarized. The results demonstrated changes in physiological parameters, immunological and oxidative processes, as well as in fluid and energy balance. While the individual race with the most published studies was the Race Across America, most races were conducted in Europe, and a trend for an increase in European participants in international races was observed. Performance seems to be affected by characteristics such as age and sex but not by anthropometric parameters such as skin fold thickness. The optimum age for the top performance was around 40 years. Most participants in ultra-cycling events were male, but the number of female athletes has been increasing over the past years. Female athletes are understudied due to their later entry and less prominent participation in ultra-cycling races. A post-race energy deficit after ultra-cycling events was observed. Future studies need to investigate the causes for the observed optimum race age around 40 years of age as well as the optimum nutritional supply to close the observed energy gap under consideration of the individual race lengths and conditions. Another research gap to be filled by future studies is the development of strategies to tackle inflammatory processes during the race that may persist in the post-race period.
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来源期刊
Sports Medicine - Open
Sports Medicine - Open SPORT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
4.30%
发文量
142
审稿时长
13 weeks
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