{"title":"燃料电池:材料需求和进展","authors":"Zongping Shao, Meng Ni","doi":"10.1557/s43577-024-00722-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fuel cells are highly efficient electrochemical energy-conversion devices with a wide application potential, spanning from portable power sources to stationary power generation. They are typically categorized according to their operating temperature, for example, low temperature (<100°C), intermediate temperature (450‒800°C) and high temperature (>800°C). Recently, reduced temperature fuel cells operating at 200‒400°C have also received considerable attention for their multiple benefits. A single fuel cell is composed of a porous anode for fuel oxidation, a dense electrolyte for ion transportation, and a porous cathode for oxygen reduction. Due to their different functions and operating environments, each layer of the cell faces unique materials requirements in terms of ionic and electronic conductivity, chemical and mechanical stability, thermal expansion, etc. This article gives a thorough perspective on the challenges and recent advances in anode, electrolyte, and cathode materials for the various types of fuel cells. Emerging fuel cells operating at 200‒400°C are also discussed and commented. Finally, the key areas of need and major opportunities for further research in the field are outlined.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Fuel cells: Materials needs and advances\",\"authors\":\"Zongping Shao, Meng Ni\",\"doi\":\"10.1557/s43577-024-00722-9\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Fuel cells are highly efficient electrochemical energy-conversion devices with a wide application potential, spanning from portable power sources to stationary power generation. They are typically categorized according to their operating temperature, for example, low temperature (<100°C), intermediate temperature (450‒800°C) and high temperature (>800°C). Recently, reduced temperature fuel cells operating at 200‒400°C have also received considerable attention for their multiple benefits. A single fuel cell is composed of a porous anode for fuel oxidation, a dense electrolyte for ion transportation, and a porous cathode for oxygen reduction. Due to their different functions and operating environments, each layer of the cell faces unique materials requirements in terms of ionic and electronic conductivity, chemical and mechanical stability, thermal expansion, etc. This article gives a thorough perspective on the challenges and recent advances in anode, electrolyte, and cathode materials for the various types of fuel cells. Emerging fuel cells operating at 200‒400°C are also discussed and commented. Finally, the key areas of need and major opportunities for further research in the field are outlined.</p><h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Graphical abstract</h3>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18828,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Mrs Bulletin\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Mrs Bulletin\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-024-00722-9\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Mrs Bulletin","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-024-00722-9","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Fuel cells are highly efficient electrochemical energy-conversion devices with a wide application potential, spanning from portable power sources to stationary power generation. They are typically categorized according to their operating temperature, for example, low temperature (<100°C), intermediate temperature (450‒800°C) and high temperature (>800°C). Recently, reduced temperature fuel cells operating at 200‒400°C have also received considerable attention for their multiple benefits. A single fuel cell is composed of a porous anode for fuel oxidation, a dense electrolyte for ion transportation, and a porous cathode for oxygen reduction. Due to their different functions and operating environments, each layer of the cell faces unique materials requirements in terms of ionic and electronic conductivity, chemical and mechanical stability, thermal expansion, etc. This article gives a thorough perspective on the challenges and recent advances in anode, electrolyte, and cathode materials for the various types of fuel cells. Emerging fuel cells operating at 200‒400°C are also discussed and commented. Finally, the key areas of need and major opportunities for further research in the field are outlined.
期刊介绍:
MRS Bulletin is one of the most widely recognized and highly respected publications in advanced materials research. Each month, the Bulletin provides a comprehensive overview of a specific materials theme, along with industry and policy developments, and MRS and materials-community news and events. Written by leading experts, the overview articles are useful references for specialists, but are also presented at a level understandable to a broad scientific audience.