利用气候服务支持社区复原力规划:从社区参与的 NOAA 国家水模型评估方法中汲取的经验教训

IF 3.3 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Kristin B. Raub, Joshua Laufer, Stephen E. Flynn, Shemilore Daniels, Trissha Sivalingam
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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着全球气温升高,预计内陆和沿海洪水及其他水基自然灾害的严重性、频率和强度都将增加,使越来越多的美国社区面临风险。地方、州和联邦各级政府一直在进行抗灾规划,以更好地预测、减轻和适应此类冲击和灾害。越来越多的气候服务被开发出来,以帮助参与这些工作的社区获取、解释与气候相关的数据和信息并做出决策。由美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)国家水资源中心(NWC)创建的国家水资源模型(NWM)就是一个有可能支持这种规划的重要工具。NWM 是一个河流和溪流模型,可预测美国大陆的状况。然而,社区终端用户并未有效参与其中,从而导致工具的广泛使用和采纳。从 2021 年到 2023 年,七个地理位置不同的美国社区同意参与一项研究,以了解如何将 NWM 应用于抗灾规划。研究人员与 NWC/NOAA 工作人员以及弗吉尼亚州伯灵顿、俄亥俄州辛辛那提、俄勒冈州波特兰、北卡罗来纳州夏洛特、科罗拉多州博尔德、明尼阿波利斯和德克萨斯州休斯顿的社区复原力利益相关者进行了访谈并举行了合作会议。这项研究提出了一系列建议,这些建议由七个社区和国家水资源中心/国家海洋和大气局的工作人员共同制定,内容涉及如何克服这些障碍,以促进在抗灾规划中更广泛地使用国家水资源模型及其数据和可视化服务。这项研究强调了 "国家适应性机制 "在抗灾规划中较短时间范围内的适用性,并指出了对气候服务的更普遍需求,以适应近期、中期和长期时间范围。研究还发现,许多在抗灾规划中使用水科学和信息的社区利益相关者具有不同的学科背景。重要的是,大多数人都不是训练有素的水文学家或水利科学家,这表明包括国家气候中心在内的气候服务开发者亟需与包括社区抗灾规划者在内的更广泛的终端用户开展共同开发工作。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Harnessing climate services to support community resilience planning: lessons learned from a community-engaged approach to assessing NOAA’s National Water Model
Inland and coastal flooding and other water-based natural disasters are projected to increase in severity, frequency, and intensity as global temperatures rise, placing a growing number of US communities at risk. Governments at the local, state, and federal levels have been embracing resilience planning to better predict, mitigate, and adapt to such shocks and hazards. A growing number of climate services have been developed to aid communities engaged in these efforts to access, interpret, and make decisions with climate-related data and information. An important tool for potentially supporting this planning is the National Water Model (NWM), created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Water Center (NWC). The NWM is a river and streamflow model that can forecast conditions for the continental United States.However, community end-users were not being effectively engaged in ways that result in widespread tool use and adoption. From 2021 to 2023, seven geographically diverse US communities agreed to participate in a study to understand how the NWM might be applied in resilience planning. Interviews and collaborative sessions were conducted with NWC/NOAA staff and community resilience stakeholders in Burlington, VT; Cincinnati, OH; Portland, OR; Charlotte, NC; Boulder, CO; Minneapolis; MN; and Houston, TXResults provide an improved understanding of potential applications of the National Water Model and have identified actions to overcome the barriers to its use among municipal and regional resilience planners. This research yielded a set of recommendations, co-developed between the seven communities and NWC/ NOAA staff, for how these barriers could be overcome to facilitate wider use of the NWM and its data and visualization services in resilience planning. This study highlights the NWM’s applicability at shorter timescales in resilience planning and points to a more general need for climate services to accommodate near-, medium-, and longterm time frames. The study also found many community stakeholders who use water science and information in resilience planning have diverse disciplinarily backgrounds. Importantly, the majority were not trained hydrologists or water scientists, pointing to the critical need for climate service developers, including the NWC, to embrace co-development efforts that involve a wider range of end-users, including community resilience planners.
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Climate
Frontiers in Climate Environmental Science-Environmental Science (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
233
审稿时长
15 weeks
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