Peritoneal adhesions in modern surgery

Adhesions are an urgent and unsolved problem in modern surgery. Any surgical intervention on the abdominal cavity inevitably leads to the formation of adhesions, which are fibrous cords between abdominal organs, resulting from trauma to the peritoneum of any etiology. Despite the improvement of surgical approaches and techniques, methods that prevent adhesiogenesis at its earliest stages and an integrated approach to rehabilitation in the postoperative period, as well as morbidity associated with the adhesive process of the abdominal cavity, remain widespread. The clinical presentation of the pathological process is polymorphic; treatment requires significant effort and resources; and adhesiogenesis-induced complications have a high medical and social significance, cause harm to the healthcare economy, and negatively affect the quality of life of patients. At present, unified methods and classifications for assessing the severity and prevalence of adhesions in the abdominal cavity, concepts for preventing the formation of adhesions that affect the key links of pathogenesis, and noninvasive mechanisms for their early detection in the postoperative period, which determines the need for interdisciplinary multicenter studies in this field, have not been developed.