生产和验证新型桂花杂交种

Lisa Alexander, Xingbo Wu, Fred Gouker
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摘要

桂花因其芬芳的冷季型花朵、光滑的叶片和紧凑的树形而备受青睐;然而,该品种的生产和使用仅限于美国农业部耐寒区 7 级及以上的地区。增加可用于评估、选择和育种的遗传变异总量,对于培育耐寒性更强、观赏性更佳(如生根率高、生长更快、花朵芳香、常绿或半常绿)的新型桂花栽培品种至关重要。桂花品种间的杂交应能产生新的表型,并实现种群和育种品系间的性状导入。本研究的目的是通过在桂花品种间进行控制授粉和开放授粉杂交,利用 SSR 标记确定杂交后代的亲本,并比较杂交后代与亲本的花型、叶形和形态,从而生产、验证和评估桂花杂交种。66 个后代中有 58 个(88%)的亲子鉴定结果达到 95% 或以上的置信度,47 个后代(71%)的亲子鉴定结果达到 99% 的置信度。产生了新的桂花杂交种,包括O. armatus × O. fortunei、O. armatus × O. heterophyllus 和 O. armatus × O. fragrans。在第一和第二个生长季节,开放授粉的品系平均每年分别增高 204% 和 159%。雄花类型与后代花类型有明显相关性(χ2 = 17.5,p < 0.0001),而叶缘与杂交家系无关(χ2 = 0.83,p = 0.84)。有必要对更多的桂花品种进行评估并进行后续杂交,以引入有利基因并产生必要的变异,从而将桂花属植物拓展到新的市场。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Production and verification of novel Osmanthus hybrids
Osmanthus fragrans Lour. is prized for its fragrant, cool-season blooms, smooth leaves, and compact tree form; however, the species is limited in production and use to USDA Hardiness Zones 7 and higher. Increasing the total amount of genetic variability available for evaluation, selection, and breeding is foundational to the development of novel Osmanthus cultivars with increased cold-hardiness and improved ornamental characteristics such as high rooting rates, faster growth, fragrant flowers, and an evergreen or semi-evergreen habit. Hybridization among Osmanthus species should generate novel phenotypes and allow trait introgression among populations and breeding lines. The objectives of this study were to produce, verify, and evaluate Osmanthus hybrids by making controlled and open-pollinated crosses among Osmanthus species, using SSR markers to determine parentage of cross progeny, and comparing flowering, leaf shape, and form of hybrids offspring with parents. Fifty-eight of 66 progenies (88%) were assigned paternity at the 95% confidence level or above and 47 progenies (71%) were assigned paternity at the 99% confidence level. Novel Osmanthus hybrids were produced including O. armatus × O. fortunei, O. armatus × O. heterophyllus, and O. armatus × O. fragrans. Open-pollinated families increased in height an average of 204% and 159% per year in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. Male flower type was significantly associated with progeny flower type (χ2 = 17.5, p < 0.0001) while leaf margin was not associated with cross family (χ2 = 0.83, p = 0.84). Evaluation of more Osmanthus accessions and subsequent hybridizations will be necessary to introgress favorable genes and generate the variation necessary to expand the genus into new markets.
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