Sustainable development of electroencephalography materials and technology

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most important bioelectrical signals related to brain activity and plays a crucial role in clinical medicine. Driven by continuously expanding applications, the development of EEG materials and technology has attracted considerable attention. However, systematic analysis of the sustainable development of EEG materials and technology is still lacking. This review discusses the sustainable development of EEG materials and technology. First, the developing course of EEG is introduced to reveal its significance, particularly in clinical medicine. Then, the sustainability of the EEG materials and technology is discussed from two main aspects: integrated systems and EEG electrodes. For integrated systems, sustainability has been focused on the developing trend toward mobile EEG systems and big‐data monitoring/analyzing of EEG signals. Sustainability is related to miniaturized, wireless, portable, and wearable systems that are integrated with big‐data modeling techniques. For EEG electrodes and materials, sustainability has been comprehensively analyzed from three perspectives: performance of different material/structural categories, sustainable materials for EEG electrodes, and sustainable manufacturing technologies. In addition, sustainable applications of EEG have been presented. Finally, the sustainable development of EEG materials and technology in recent decades is summarized, revealing future possible research directions as well as urgent challenges.