对监测稀少的河流流域进行大规模水量评估:阿富汗案例研究

Fazlul Karim, David J. Penton, Santosh K. Aryal, Shahriar Wahid, Yun Chen, Peter Taylor, Susan M. Cuddy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文介绍了阿富汗五大流域水资源产量评估研究的结果。研究采用 GR4J 和 GR4JSG 降水径流模型进行。流域被划分为 207 个子流域,每个子流域又被划分为多个功能单元。模型利用 2008 年至 2015 年的观测流量数据进行校核,并在 2016 年至 2020 年期间进行验证。对每个流域中的一个非管制子流域进行了模型参数校准,并将表现最好的子流域的校准参数转移到其他子流域。结果显示,五个流域的模型产水量从赫尔曼德流域的 0.3 毫米到潘杰-阿穆流域的 248 毫米不等,全国平均为 72.1 毫米。2008 年至 2020 年期间,五个流域的地区平均产水量从 36 毫米到 174 毫米不等。同期,全国平均年降水量为 234.0 毫米,表明产水量为 30.8%。全国平均产水量为 72.1 毫米,相当于 463 亿立方米(BCM)的地表水。此外,邻近的塔吉克斯坦和巴基斯坦每年从兴都库什山脉的积雪和冰川中获得的水量约为 289 亿立方米。阿富汗北部的高地,包括邻国塔吉克斯坦的部分地区,是主要的水源。全国各地的产水量在不同年份有所不同,但没有持续的增减趋势。约 60% 至 70% 的流量出现在 3 月至 6 月间。研究确定了高产水量地区,并调查了月度、季节和年度时间尺度的变化情况。一个重要的发现是,各流域的产水量在空间和时间上都有很大的变化。这些信息对于农业发展的长期水资源规划和管理至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Large scale water yield assessment for sparsely monitored river basins: A case study for Afghanistan
This paper presents results from a study on water yield assessment across five major river basins of Afghanistan. The study was conducted using GR4J and GR4JSG precipitation-runoff models. The river basins were divided into 207 subcatchments and each subcatchment was divided into multiple functional units. The model was calibrated using observed streamflow data from 2008 to 2015 and validated over the 2016 to 2020 period. Model parameters were calibrated for an unregulated subcatchment in each basin and calibrated parameters from the best-performing subcatchment were transferred to other subcatchments. Results show that modelled water yield across the five basins varies from 0.3 mm in the Helmand basin to 248 mm in the Panj-Amu basin, with an average of 72.1 mm for the entire country. In the period of 2008 to 2020, area averaged water yield in the five basins varies from 36 to 174 mm. For the same period, mean annual precipitation for the entire country is 234.0 mm, indicating a water yield of 30.8%. The nation-wide average water yield of 72.1 mm is equivalent to 46.3 billion cubic meters (BCM) of surface water for the country. In addition, about 28.9 BCM generates annually in the neighbouring Tajikistan and Pakistan from snow and glaciers of the Hindu-Kush mountains. The elevated northern parts of Afghanistan, including parts of neighbouring Tajikistan are the primary water source. Water yield across the country varies between years but there is no consistent increasing or decreasing trends. About 60 to 70% of flow occurs between March to June. The study identified the high water yield areas and investigated variability at monthly, seasonal, and annual time scales. An importance finding is the large spatial and temporal variability of water yield across the basins. This information is crucial for long-term water resources planning and management for agricultural development.
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