Investigation on the mechanical and moisture uptake properties of epoxy-Terminalia arjuna fiber natural composites containing nano-silica

Natural composites are gaining attention among researchers due to its characteristics like low density, eco-friendliness, and cost-effectiveness. However, their performance falls short when compared to traditional materials, necessitating research focused on enhancing the strength of natural composites. The limited attention given by researchers to Terminalia arjuna fiber, a natural fiber, prompted an exploration to unveil novel scientific insights into Terminalia arjuna fiber-based composites. This study involved the creation of a natural composite through the hand layup process, combining Terminalia arjuna fiber and epoxy resin. Additionally, nanofiller like silica (SiO2) were introduced as reinforcing agents. Various materials were fabricated for different weight percentages of fiber and particles. The assessment covered mechanical and water absorption characteristics. The composite composed of epoxy with 30 wt% Terminalia arjuna and 2 wt% SiO2 showcased excellent mechanical properties, including high tensile strength (74 MPa), flexural strength (98 MPa), impact resistance (6.6 kJ/m2), and hardness (90 shore-d). Furthermore, it demonstrated minimal water absorption (18.4 % after 10 days). This research suggests that the epoxy/Terminalia arjuna/2 wt% SiO2 composite could be a preferred choice for industrial applications due to its outstanding performance.