在当前和未来气候条件下,丛枝菌根真菌可改善丹魄和赤霞珠在缺水条件下的表现

Plants Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI:10.3390/plants13081155
Daria Kozikova, I. Pascual, N. Goicoechea
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引用次数: 0

摘要

气候变化(CC)威胁着地中海地区的葡萄栽培。根瘤微生物可能是植物适应气候变化的关键。我们的目的是评估两个葡萄品种与丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)的结合是否能提高葡萄对大气二氧化碳升高、气温升高和缺水等环境条件的适应能力。将接种(+M)或未接种(-M)AMF的添普兰尼洛(T)和赤霞珠(CS)植株嫁接到R110砧木上,在两种环境条件下的温度梯度温室中种植:(i) 当前条件(约400ppm的空气二氧化碳浓度加上环境气温,CATA)和(ii) 预测的2100年气候变化条件(700ppm的二氧化碳浓度加上环境气温+4 °C,CETE)。对于每个品种的植物,从成熟期到成熟期,接种处理和环境条件也受到两种供水水平的影响:全面灌溉(WW)或干旱周期(D)。因此,每个葡萄品种的处理次数为 8 次,即两种接种处理(+M 和 -M)、两种环境条件(CATA 和 CETE)和两种供水量(WW 和 D)的组合。在 CATA 和 CETE 条件下,两个葡萄品种的叶片传导和蒸腾作用都会因早期干旱而下降,而 +M 植物的下降更为明显。光合作用的下降幅度不大,因此瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)有所提高,尤其是在 CETE 条件下的+M 干旱植株。水分利用效率提高的同时,细胞间与大气的二氧化碳浓度比降低,植物的水力传导降低。从长远来看,菌根化引起了缺水和 CETE 条件下气孔解剖结构的变化:在 T 条件下密度增加,而在 CS 条件下密度降低,后者的气孔更小。虽然有些反应与基因型有关,但在当前和未来的二氧化碳和温度条件下,根茎与 AMF 的相互作用似乎是葡萄树适应水分亏缺的关键因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Improve the Performance of Tempranillo and Cabernet Sauvignon Facing Water Deficit under Current and Future Climatic Conditions
Climate change (CC) threatens Mediterranean viticulture. Rhizospheric microorganisms may be crucial for the adaptation of plants to CC. Our objective was to assess whether the association of two grapevine varieties with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increases grapevine’s resilience to environmental conditions that combine elevated atmospheric CO2, increased air temperatures, and water deficit. Tempranillo (T) and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) plants, grafted onto R110 rootstocks, either inoculated (+M) or not (−M) with AMF, were grown in temperature-gradient greenhouses under two environmental conditions: (i) current conditions (ca. 400 ppm air CO2 concentration plus ambient air temperature, CATA) and (ii) climate change conditions predicted by the year 2100 (700 ppm of CO2 plus ambient air temperature +4 °C, CETE). From veraison to maturity, for plants of each variety, inoculation treatment and environmental conditions were also subjected to two levels of water availability: full irrigation (WW) or drought cycles (D). Therefore, the number of treatments applied to each grapevine variety was eight, resulting from the combination of two inoculation treatments (+M and −M), two environmental conditions (CATA and CETE), and two water availabilities (WW and D). In both grapevine varieties, early drought decreased leaf conductance and transpiration under both CATA and CETE conditions and more markedly in +M plants. Photosynthesis did not decrease very much, so the instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) increased, especially in drought +M plants under CETE conditions. The increase in WUE coincided with a lower intercellular-to-atmospheric CO2 concentration ratio and reduced plant hydraulic conductance. In the long term, mycorrhization induced changes in the stomatal anatomy under water deficit and CETE conditions: density increased in T and decreased in CS, with smaller stomata in the latter. Although some responses were genotype-dependent, the interaction of the rootstock with AMF appeared to be a key factor in the acclimation of the grapevine to water deficit under both current and future CO2 and temperature conditions.
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