银杏叶及其化学成分在老年痴呆症治疗中的作用。

Yong Peng, Quan Chen, Ya-Hui Xue, Hong Jin, Shu Liu, Miao-qiao Du, Shun-yu Yao
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摘要

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种中枢神经系统变性疾病,其发病机理尚不清楚。阿尔茨海默病的主要表现包括认知和行为障碍、神经精神症状、神经炎症、淀粉样蛋白斑块和神经纤维缠结。然而,目前治疗老年痴呆症的药物在进入痴呆阶段后只能治疗症状,并不能延缓病情的发展,而针对老年痴呆症的靶向药物的研发也已进入瓶颈期。因此,我们需要其他治疗方案。从植物中提取的生物活性成分是很有前景的治疗药物。具体来说,银杏叶(Gb)提取物具有抗氧化、抗癌、神经可塑性、神经递质调节、血液流动性和抗炎作用,为治疗心血管、代谢和神经退行性疾病提供了替代选择。刺五加的主要化学成分包括黄酮类、萜烯内酯、原花青素、有机酸、多糖和氨基酸。龙胆紫及其提取物对包括注意力缺失症在内的各种神经退行性疾病具有显著的治疗效果,且不良反应极少。因此,高品质的龙胆紫提取物是治疗AD的一种行之有效的方法。在这篇综述中,我们总结了从传统中药、实验模型和新兴临床试验中得出的关于枸杞子及其化学成分在治疗AD主要临床表现中的作用的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ginkgo biloba and Its Chemical Components in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease.
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, remains unclear. The main manifestations of AD include cognitive and behavioral disorders, neuropsychiatric symptoms, neuroinflammation, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. However, current drugs for AD once the dementia stage has been reached only treat symptoms and do not delay progression, and the research and development of targeted drugs for AD have reached a bottleneck. Thus, other treatment options are needed. Bioactive ingredients derived from plants are promising therapeutic agents. Specifically, Ginkgo biloba (Gb) extracts exert anti-oxidant, anticancer, neuroplastic, neurotransmitter-modulating, blood fluidity, and anti-inflammatory effects, offering alternative options in the treatment of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. The main chemical components of Gb include flavonoids, terpene lactones, proanthocyanidins, organic acids, polysaccharides, and amino acids. Gb and its extracts have shown remarkable therapeutic effects on various neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, with few adverse reactions. Thus, high-quality Gb extracts are a well-established treatment option for AD. In this review, we summarize the insights derived from traditional Chinese medicine, experimental models, and emerging clinical trials on the role of Gb and its chemical components in the treatment of the main clinical manifestations of AD.
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