Study on uranium leaching from uranium purification residue with ammonium hydrogen fluoride

Residues generated from the uranium purification process, characterized by a high uranium content, pose a significant challenge for recovery through leaching and present a considerable environmental threat. After using XRD and SEM-mapping characterization analysis combined with the BCR continuous graded extraction test to analyze the content of different states of uranium, it was found that the main reason why the uranium in the residue was difficult to leach because it was encapsulated by SiO₂ crystals. Using NH₄HF₂ as a leaching agent, a leaching study of uranium in the residue was carried out, and the results showed that the H⁺ and F⁻ produced by NH₄HF₂could react with SiO₂, destroying the crystal lattice of SiO₂ and causing the encapsulated uranium to come into contact with the leaching agent, facilitating the leaching of uranium in the residue. The optimum conditions for uranium leaching were 10% mass fraction of NH₄HF₂, a liquid-solid ratio of 30:1, a reaction temperature of 30 °C and a reaction time of 120 min, and the leaching efficiency of uranium from the residue was as high as 98.95%. The leaching kinetics of uranium by NH₄HF₂ were consistent with the mixed controlled model in the shrinking core models, indicating that the surface chemical reaction and mass diffusion dominated both uranium leaching processes. This may provide a viable method for resource recovery and the treatment of uranium purification residues.