Lifeng Wang , Shiqing Xu , Yanqun Zhuo , Peixun Liu , Shengli Ma
{"title":"揭示断层尖面在地震周期中的作用","authors":"Lifeng Wang , Shiqing Xu , Yanqun Zhuo , Peixun Liu , Shengli Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2024.118711","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fault asperities can produce concentrated slips during large earthquakes and intensify damage. However, how asperities control fault behavior during other phases of the earthquake cycle remains poorly known. Here, we conduct friction experiment on a laboratory fault featuring two prominent geometric asperities to directly image their influences on long-term and short-term seismicity, and the nucleation and propagation of the mainshock. The laboratory observations and supporting numerical simulations reveal that one asperity located in the fault interior behaves firstly as a mechanical attractor to long-term seismicity, then a barrier to preseismic slow slip, and ultimately a source of large coseismic slip. In contrast, another asperity located near the fault margin primarily undergoes persistent aseismic slip throughout most phases of the earthquake cycle. These results provide new insights into how asperities partition strain across a broad spatiotemporal domain, establishing a physical link between long-term and short-term fault behaviors and the occurrence of large earthquakes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Unraveling the roles of fault asperities over earthquake cycles\",\"authors\":\"Lifeng Wang , Shiqing Xu , Yanqun Zhuo , Peixun Liu , Shengli Ma\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.epsl.2024.118711\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Fault asperities can produce concentrated slips during large earthquakes and intensify damage. However, how asperities control fault behavior during other phases of the earthquake cycle remains poorly known. Here, we conduct friction experiment on a laboratory fault featuring two prominent geometric asperities to directly image their influences on long-term and short-term seismicity, and the nucleation and propagation of the mainshock. The laboratory observations and supporting numerical simulations reveal that one asperity located in the fault interior behaves firstly as a mechanical attractor to long-term seismicity, then a barrier to preseismic slow slip, and ultimately a source of large coseismic slip. In contrast, another asperity located near the fault margin primarily undergoes persistent aseismic slip throughout most phases of the earthquake cycle. These results provide new insights into how asperities partition strain across a broad spatiotemporal domain, establishing a physical link between long-term and short-term fault behaviors and the occurrence of large earthquakes.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11481,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Earth and Planetary Science Letters\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Earth and Planetary Science Letters\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X24001444\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X24001444","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Unraveling the roles of fault asperities over earthquake cycles
Fault asperities can produce concentrated slips during large earthquakes and intensify damage. However, how asperities control fault behavior during other phases of the earthquake cycle remains poorly known. Here, we conduct friction experiment on a laboratory fault featuring two prominent geometric asperities to directly image their influences on long-term and short-term seismicity, and the nucleation and propagation of the mainshock. The laboratory observations and supporting numerical simulations reveal that one asperity located in the fault interior behaves firstly as a mechanical attractor to long-term seismicity, then a barrier to preseismic slow slip, and ultimately a source of large coseismic slip. In contrast, another asperity located near the fault margin primarily undergoes persistent aseismic slip throughout most phases of the earthquake cycle. These results provide new insights into how asperities partition strain across a broad spatiotemporal domain, establishing a physical link between long-term and short-term fault behaviors and the occurrence of large earthquakes.
期刊介绍:
Earth and Planetary Science Letters (EPSL) is a leading journal for researchers across the entire Earth and planetary sciences community. It publishes concise, exciting, high-impact articles ("Letters") of broad interest. Its focus is on physical and chemical processes, the evolution and general properties of the Earth and planets - from their deep interiors to their atmospheres. EPSL also includes a Frontiers section, featuring invited high-profile synthesis articles by leading experts on timely topics to bring cutting-edge research to the wider community.