Numerical simulation of shelter effect assessment for single-row windbreaks on the periphery of oasis farmland

Dust storms, resulting from aeolian erosion, pose significant environmental hazards, while farmland is one of the main sources of dust storm release. An effective strategy to mitigate surface wind speed and curb dust emissions involves the establishment of windbreaks on the periphery of oasis farmland. This study conducts a series of numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to explore the airflow fields around windbreaks with diverse systematic structural parameters, encompassing porosity, planting spacing, and fence effects. The main findings are as follows: (1) When the vegetation porosity is consistent (e.g., porosity α = 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9), exact geometry results can effectively reflect the distribution of wall shear stress, while the porous medium model overlooks these details. (2) The “Venturi effect” contributes to the acceleration of surface erosion and improper planting spacing results in an elevation of near-surface velocity. Planting spacing of 0.5 m demonstrates superior wind speed reduction performance, mitigating aeolian erosion and accumulation. (3) When the fence is positioned at l = 5h (h represents the height of the windbreaks), the flow field around the windbreaks is minimally influenced. The optimal placement distance for fences should be close to the windbreaks, featuring minimal porosity (l = 0 h, α = 0.1), extending the shelter distance from 3 to 4 h to 5–6 h. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the plant configuration of biological desertification control and soil erosion control measures.