公元 1540 年与周边国家接触(早期殖民地)期间秘鲁北部沿海地区的两例天花病例

IF 1.3 3区 地球科学 Q3 PALEONTOLOGY
Khrystyne Tschinkel , John Verano , Gabriel Prieto
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引用次数: 0

摘要

材料从秘鲁胡安查科(Huanchaco)周长接触(公元 1540 年)墓地发掘的两具保存极为完好的人类遗骸,死者年龄在 1-2 岁之间。方法显微镜和放射学分析。结果两具遗骸均出现皮质增厚、对称性破坏性病变、骺端扩张、穿孔、髓腔暴露、骺端吸收和长骨坏死,以及反应性新骨沉积。这些特征与变异性骨髓炎和细菌性骨髓炎相一致。结论IG-124 号和 IG-493 号个体的三个特征表明与变异性骨髓炎的诊断高度一致:多发性骨骼病变、该地区的历史背景以及环接触墓地中非成人的高死亡率。天花病毒是众多病毒中的一种,其对骨骼遗骸的考古学影响仍在探索之中。局限性在环查科墓地的其他儿童中没有发现天花,这给确定真正的流行率或潜在疫情信息造成了困难。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Two cases of smallpox from 1540 CE circum-contact (early colonial) Northern Coastal Peru

Objective

This project seeks to create a differential diagnosis for lesions found on the skeletal remains of two children as a means to explore the presence of viral disease in 16th- century Peru.

Materials

Extremely well-preserved human remains of two children who died between the ages of 1–2 years old, recovered from the circum-contact (∼1540 CE) cemetery in Huanchaco, Peru.

Methods

Macroscopic and radiographic analysis.

Results

Both individuals present with cortical thickening, symmetrical destructive lesions, metaphyseal expansion, perforations, exposure of the medullary cavity, resorption of metaphyseal ends and necrosis of the long bones, and deposited reactive new bone. These features are consistent with osteomyelitis variolosa and bacterial osteomyelitis.

Conclusions

Three features of Individuals IG-124 and IG-493 suggest a highly consistent diagnosis of osteomyelitis variolosa: multiple skeletal lesions, the historical context of the area, and the high mortality rate of non-adults in the circum-contact cemetery.

Significance

Although viral infections are ubiquitous and well documented historically, their etiologies are often difficult to determine in archaeological populations. Orthopoxvirus variola (smallpox) is one of the many viruses whose archaeological impact is still under explored in skeletal remains.

Limitations

The absence of smallpox in other children from the Huanchaco cemetery creates difficulty in ascertaining true prevalence rates or information on potential outbreaks.

Suggestions for further research

Further research analyzing aDNA from calculus and/or residues using a DIP-GC-MS method might create a better understanding of how smallpox spread through the region.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
25.00%
发文量
43
期刊介绍: Paleopathology is the study and application of methods and techniques for investigating diseases and related conditions from skeletal and soft tissue remains. The International Journal of Paleopathology (IJPP) will publish original and significant articles on human and animal (including hominids) disease, based upon the study of physical remains, including osseous, dental, and preserved soft tissues at a range of methodological levels, from direct observation to molecular, chemical, histological and radiographic analysis. Discussion of ways in which these methods can be applied to the reconstruction of health, disease and life histories in the past is central to the discipline, so the journal would also encourage papers covering interpretive and theoretical issues, and those that place the study of disease at the centre of a bioarchaeological or biocultural approach. Papers dealing with historical evidence relating to disease in the past (rather than history of medicine) will also be published. The journal will also accept significant studies that applied previously developed techniques to new materials, setting the research in the context of current debates on past human and animal health.
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