太平洋周边洋底压力和潮汐测量仪记录的 2022 年汤加火山爆发海啸建模

IF 1.9 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Yushiro Fujii, Kenji Satake
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2022 年 1 月 15 日洪加汤加-洪加哈帕伊火山爆发产生的海啸在太平洋周围的海底压力和潮汐测量仪上都有记录,早于根据海啸传播速度计算的预计到达时间。在全球范围内也记录到了火山爆发产生的大气波,其传播速度约为每秒 310 米(Lamb 波)和每秒 200-250 米(Pekeris 波)。以前的研究表明,这些传播的大气波至少引起了观测到的海啸的最初部分。我们通过增加同心的大气压力变化,模拟了由 Lamb 波和 Pekeris 波传播产生的海啸。同心源的参数包括传播速度、随距离衰减的初始大气波幅和上升时间。对于兰姆波,14 个美国和 9 个新西兰 DART 站观测到的海啸波形反演表明,正上升开始时间为世界协调时 4:16,峰值振幅为 383 hPa,传播速度为 310 m/s(假设上升时间为 10 分钟)。如果再加上一个传播速度为 200-250 米/秒、振幅为负值(- 50 hPa)的同心波(Pekeris 波),就能更好地再现观测到的海啸波形的后期阶段。太平洋周围的 DART 记录表明,Pekeris 波的速度向西北方向较快,向东北方向稍慢。合成波形大致再现了验潮站记录的远场海啸波形,包括后期阶段,这表明后期阶段的大振幅可能是由于 Pekeris 波和海啸的耦合以及验潮站周围的共振造成的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Modeling the 2022 Tonga Eruption Tsunami Recorded on Ocean Bottom Pressure and Tide Gauges Around the Pacific

Modeling the 2022 Tonga Eruption Tsunami Recorded on Ocean Bottom Pressure and Tide Gauges Around the Pacific

Tsunamis generated by the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption on January 15, 2022 were recorded on ocean bottom pressure and tide gauges around the Pacific Ocean, earlier than the expected arrival times calculated by tsunami propagation speed. Atmospheric waves from the eruption were also recorded globally with propagation speeds of ~ 310 m/s (Lamb wave) and 200–250 m/s (Pekeris wave). Previous studies have suggested that these propagating atmospheric waves caused at least the initial part of the observed tsunami. We simulated the tsunamis generated by the propagation of the Lamb and Pekeris waves by adding concentric atmospheric pressure changes. The concentric sources are parameterized by their propagation speeds, initial atmospheric wave amplitudes that decay with the distance, and a rise time. For the Lamb wave, inversions of the observed tsunami waveforms at 14 U.S. and nine New Zealand DART stations indicate the start of the positive rise at 4:16 UTC, the peak amplitude of 383 hPa, and the propagation speed of 310 m/s, assuming a rise time of 10 min. The later phases of the observed tsunami waveforms can be better reproduced by adding another propagating concentric wave (Pekeris wave) with a negative amplitude (− 50 hPa) and propagation speeds of 200–250 m/s. The DART records around the Pacific indicate that the Pekeris wave speed is faster toward the northwest and slightly slower toward the northeast. The synthetic waveforms roughly reproduced the far-field tsunami waveforms recorded at tide gauge stations, including the later phases, suggesting that the large amplitude in the later phase may be due to the coupling of the Pekeris wave and the tsunami, as well as resonance around tide gauge stations.

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来源期刊
pure and applied geophysics
pure and applied geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
5.00%
发文量
240
审稿时长
9.8 months
期刊介绍: pure and applied geophysics (pageoph), a continuation of the journal "Geofisica pura e applicata", publishes original scientific contributions in the fields of solid Earth, atmospheric and oceanic sciences. Regular and special issues feature thought-provoking reports on active areas of current research and state-of-the-art surveys. Long running journal, founded in 1939 as Geofisica pura e applicata Publishes peer-reviewed original scientific contributions and state-of-the-art surveys in solid earth and atmospheric sciences Features thought-provoking reports on active areas of current research and is a major source for publications on tsunami research Coverage extends to research topics in oceanic sciences See Instructions for Authors on the right hand side.
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