利用 SARS-CoV-2 的微生物定量风险评估 (QMRA),了解南非东部地区某些污水处理厂可能面临的健康风险

IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Velisa Vuyolwethu Qongwe , Kingsley Ehi Ebomah , Luyanda Msolo , Nolonwabo Nontongana , Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在过去两年中,Covid-19 已成为最严重、最紧迫的公共卫生问题,对社会和经济福利造成了巨大损失,并导致疾病和死亡。污水处理厂(WWTPs)的操作人员,尤其是农村社区的操作人员,在污水处理和处置的不同阶段处理未经处理的污水样本时,似乎往往没有使用足够的防护设备,因而没有遵守适当的安全规程。本研究旨在探讨污水处理厂操作人员在日常工作中无意摄入污水而感染疾病的潜在健康风险,因为这些设施从不同地区接收含有严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-COV-2)的污水。本研究采用实时定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)技术检测了未经处理的废水抓取样本中的 SARS-CoV-2 感染率,并针对三种可能的 SARS-CoV-2 感染情况采用了微生物定量风险评估(QMRA)模型、根据污水处理厂工人在污水处理厂从事日常活动的 6 小时时间,评估他们感染 SARS-CoV-2 的可能性,这三种情况分别表示为中度、严重和极端(2 mL、10 mL、20 mL),使他们面临各种病原体的潜在健康风险。在 SARS-CoV-2 基因组最高为 266.23 × 102 gc/mL 时,研究结果表明,由于 P(i) 值大于 0.05 (p >0.05),因此感染概率与季节性差异在统计学上没有显著差异。总体而言,P(i) 在研究中的所有体积情况下都非常显著,P 值为 p < 0.001。由于不同季节的 P(i)在统计学上没有差异,因此可以认为在不同季节受感染的概率较低,但也可以认为,无论摄入量多少,受感染的概率都很高。我们的研究结果表明,由于工人在日常工作中不穿戴防护装备,因此他们在工作中意外接触原废水中的 SARS-CoV-2 的风险微乎其微。然而,工人在污水處理廠工作的重要性不容忽視。无论情况如何,人们普遍认识到,住宅废水中含有多种肠道病原体,具有潜在的感染风险,因此,必须确保那些因工作而接触未经处理的废水的人配备适当的个人防护设备。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) of SARS-CoV-2 to understand possible exposure to health risks in selected wastewater treatment plants located in the Eastern region of South Africa

In the past two years, Covid-19 has emerged as the most severe and pressing public health issue, causing a great deal of damage to societal and economic welfare, as well as causing illness and mortality. The operators in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), particularly those employed in rural communities, appear to often exhibit a lack of adherence to proper safety protocols by not utilizing sufficient protective equipment while handling unprocessed sewage samples throughout the different phases of wastewater treatment and disposal. This study aimed at examining the potential health risk of infection among WWTP operators, as a result of unintentional ingestion of wastewater during routine duties in facilities that receive influent containing Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) from various areas. This study examined the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in grab samples of untreated wastewater samples using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technique and quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model was employed on three probable exposure of SARS-CoV-2 scenarios that are expressed as moderate, aggressive and extreme (2 mL, 10 mL, 20 mL) to evaluate the probability of infection to WWTP workers based on the 6 h that the workers spent in WWTPs performing their daily activities which exposed them to potential health risk of various pathogens. At the highest SARS-CoV-2 genome of 266.23 × 102 gc/mL, the findings indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in the probability of infections with respect to seasonal differences because the P(i) value was greater than 0.05 (p > 0.05). Overall, P(i) was highly significant across all volumetric scenarios in the study with p value that was p < 0.001. The probability of getting infected during the different seasons is assumed to be low since there was no statistically difference in P(i) with respect to season however it can be assumed that there is a high chance of getting infected regardless of volumetric intake. Our study suggests that the risk of accidental occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewater is negligible to workers whereby workers would perform their daily activities without wearing protective gear. Nevertheless, the importance and work of WWTPs by workers should not be overlooked. Regardless of the situation, it is widely recognized that residential wastewater poses a potential risk of infection due to the presence of several enteric pathogens, therefore, it is crucial to ensure that those who are occupationally exposed to untreated wastewater are well equipped with suitable personal protective equipment (PPE).

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来源期刊
Microbial Risk Analysis
Microbial Risk Analysis Medicine-Microbiology (medical)
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
7.10%
发文量
28
审稿时长
52 days
期刊介绍: The journal Microbial Risk Analysis accepts articles dealing with the study of risk analysis applied to microbial hazards. Manuscripts should at least cover any of the components of risk assessment (risk characterization, exposure assessment, etc.), risk management and/or risk communication in any microbiology field (clinical, environmental, food, veterinary, etc.). This journal also accepts article dealing with predictive microbiology, quantitative microbial ecology, mathematical modeling, risk studies applied to microbial ecology, quantitative microbiology for epidemiological studies, statistical methods applied to microbiology, and laws and regulatory policies aimed at lessening the risk of microbial hazards. Work focusing on risk studies of viruses, parasites, microbial toxins, antimicrobial resistant organisms, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and recombinant DNA products are also acceptable.
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