氨和短链气态烷烃的厌氧氧化与细菌联合体的硝酸盐还原相结合

Mengxiong Wu, Xiawei Liu, J Pamela Engelberts, Gene W Tyson, Simon J McIlroy, Jianhua Guo
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摘要

最近证明,"Candidatus Alkanivorans nitratireducens "细菌能介导依赖硝酸盐的短链气态烷烃(SCGAs)厌氧氧化。在之前的生物反应器富集研究1,2 中,该物种似乎分两个阶段还原硝酸盐,在亚硝酸盐积累时从反硝化作用转换为异氨硝酸盐还原(DNRA)。这种转换的调控或与其他微生物潜在的合成营养伙伴关系的性质仍不清楚。在这里,我们描述了将丙烷和丁烷氧化与硝酸盐还原和氨氧化(anammox)结合起来的厌氧多物种细菌培养物。利用 15N 同位素标记和多组份分析进行的批量试验共同支持了 "Ca.A. nitratireducens "和 "Ca.A. nitratireducens "之间的合成营养伙伴关系。A.nitratireducens "和 anammox 细菌之间的综合营养伙伴关系,前者介导硝酸盐驱动的 SCGAs 氧化,为后者提供亚硝酸盐用于铵的氧化。厌氧菌消除亚硝酸盐的积累,大大提高了 SCGA 和硝酸盐的消耗率,同时抑制了 DNRA。去除氨的供应会导致氨的最终产生、亚硝酸盐的积累以及 DNRA 基因表达的上调,从而导致大量的 "Ca.A. nitratireducens'的 DNRA 基因表达上调。增加 SCGA 的供应在促进 DNRA 方面也有类似的效果。我们的研究结果表明,'Ca.A.nitratireducens'转用 DNRA 来缓解亚硝酸盐积累造成的氧化应激,从而进一步了解这种微生物的适应性和生态学。我们的发现对于了解厌氧环境中氮和 SCGAs 的归宿也有重要意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium and short-chain gaseous alkanes coupled to nitrate reduction by a bacterial consortium
The bacterial species ‘Candidatus Alkanivorans nitratireducens’ was recently demonstrated to mediate nitrate-dependent anaerobic oxidation of short-chain gaseous alkanes (SCGAs). In previous bioreactor enrichment studies1,2, the species appeared to reduce nitrate in two phases, switching from denitrification to dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in response to nitrite accumulation. The regulation of this switch or the nature of potential syntrophic partnerships with other microorganisms remains unclear. Here, we describe anaerobic multispecies cultures of bacteria which couple the oxidation of propane and butane to nitrate reduction and the oxidation of ammonium (anammox). Batch tests with 15N-isotope labelling and multi-omic analyses collectively supported a syntrophic partnership between ‘Ca. A. nitratireducens’ and anammox bacteria, with the former species mediating nitrate-driven oxidation of SCGAs, supplying the latter with nitrite for the oxidation of ammonium. The elimination of nitrite accumulation by the anammox substantially increased SCGA and nitrate consumption rates, whereas suppressing DNRA. Removing ammonium supply led to its eventual production, the accumulation of nitrite, and the upregulation of DNRA gene expression for the abundant ‘Ca. A. nitratireducens’. Increasing the supply of SCGA had a similar effect in promoting DNRA. Our results suggest that ‘Ca. A. nitratireducens’ switches to DNRA to alleviate oxidative stress caused by nitrite accumulation, giving further insight into adaptability and ecology of this microorganism. Our findings also have important implications for the understanding of the fate of nitrogen and SCGAs in anaerobic environments.
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