Development of miRNA-SSR and target-SSR markers from yield-associate genes and their applicability in the assessment of genetic diversity and association mapping in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The gene-derived functional markers are considered effective to use in marker-assisted breeding and genetic diversity analysis. As of now, no functional markers have been identified from miRNAs regulating yield traits. The miRNAs play a key role as regulators in controlling the candidate genes involved in grain yield improvement in rice. In this study, 13 miRNA-SSR and their target gene SSR markers were mined from 29 yield-responsive miRNA along with their 29 target genes in rice. The validation of these markers showed that four miRNA-SSRs and one target gene SSR markers had shown polymorphism among 120 diverse rice genotypes. The PIC values ranged from 0.25 (OsARF18-SSR) to 0.72 (miR408-SSR, miR172b-SSR, and miR396f-SSR) with an average value of 0.57. These polymorphic markers grouped 120 rice genotypes into 3 main clusters based on the levels of high genetic diversity. These markers also showed significant association with key yield traits. Among all, miR172b-SSR showed a strong association with plant height in two seasons. This investigation suggests that this new class of molecular markers has great potential in the characterization of rice germplasm by genetic diversity and population structure and in marker-assisted breeding for the development of high-yielding varieties.