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引用次数: 0
摘要
双重任务是指同时完成两项任务的能力。利用心理折射期(PRP)范式,有两项实验考察了提供有助于主动控制的提示词是否能提高年轻人和老年人的双重任务表现。在实验 1 中,与难度相关的提示词("难"、"易 "或空)会出现在刺激开始不同步时间(SOA)为 800 毫秒的较容易的双重任务或 SOA 为 100 毫秒的较难的任务之前。实验 2 扩展了这一研究,在固定 SOA 为 150 毫秒的双重任务前呈现这些提示("难 "或 "易")。实验 2 还通过操纵任务一致性,考察了实际任务难度的调节作用。这两项实验都表明,与难度相关的提示所引发的主动控制对两个年龄组的双任务表现都有促进作用。值得注意的是,只有当实际任务难度相对较高时,提示才会有利于年轻人的双任务表现,但无论实际任务难度如何,提示都会有利于老年人的双任务表现。这些发现有助于我们理解主动控制以及提示对年轻人和老年人认知表现的不同影响。
Age-Differential Effects of Proactive Control in Dual Tasking: The Moderating Effect of Task Difficulty
Dual tasking refers to the ability to perform two concurrent tasks. Using the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm, two experiments examined whether providing a prompt that facilitated proactive control could benefit dual-task performance among younger and older adults. In Experiment 1, difficulty-related prompt words (“difficult,” “easy,” or null) were presented before easier dual tasks with a longer stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of 800 ms or harder tasks with a shorter SOA of 100 ms. Experiment 2 extended the investigation by presenting these prompts (“difficult” or “easy”) before dual tasks with a fixed SOA of 150 ms. It also examined the moderating effects of actual task difficulty by manipulating task congruency. Both experiments suggested that proactive control triggered by difficulty-related prompts facilitated dual-task performance in both age groups. Notably, prompts benefited younger adults’ dual-task performance only when the actual task difficulty was relatively higher, but they benefited older adults’ dual-task performance regardless of the actual task difficulty. These findings contribute to our understanding of proactive control and the different effects of prompts on cognitive performance among younger and older adults.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Adult Development is an interdisciplinary journal covering development in early adulthood, midlife, and later adulthood. The Journal supports innovative theoretical and empirical articles that help direct the future of our field. Critical issues include the importance of life-long education, work and family changes, and physical and mental health influencing adult development. In addition, the impact of personality, emotions, cognition, and biomarkers are areas of interest. The Journal of Adult Development emphasizes the importance of interindividual differences and contextual issues influencing adult development. Interventions that promote optimal development throughout the adult life span are also welcome.