早期群际联盟:幼儿将公平分配归功于黑人而非白人分配者

IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Alessandra Geraci, Elena Commodari, Paola Perucchini
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引用次数: 0

摘要

种族观念在学龄前就已出现,并影响儿童对他人行为的评价。本研究调查了 2.5 岁和 7 岁儿童(人数=160;100% 白人)的评价是否会受到最初种族偏见的影响,即直接评价外群体和内群体主角时,他们会将负面或正面结果(即资源的公平或不公平分配)的责任归咎于外群体和内群体主角。在看过由隐藏的分配者分别进行的公平和不公平分配的两个熟悉事件后,幼儿被要求将积极和消极的结果归因于两个分配者,这两个分配者分别以白人或黑人面孔的图画(实验 1)或照片(实验 2-3)为描绘对象。七岁儿童也接受了同样的强迫选择人物任务,即使用照片进行评估(实验 4)。只有当照片显示的是黑人面孔时,幼儿才表现出明显的将资源公平分配给黑人面孔的倾向。相反,7 岁幼儿则表现出支持白人/反对黑人的种族偏见。这些发现支持了之前关于种族偏见的发展与年龄相关的文献,即种族偏见的发展始于出生后三岁之前,并揭示了以群体间联盟为目标的初始状态。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Early intergroup coalition: Toddlers attribute fair distributions to Black rather than White distributors
Racial concepts emerge in preschool age, and affect children's evaluations of others’ actions. This research investigated whether 2.5-year-old and 7-year-old children's (= 160; 100% White) evaluations may be influenced by an initial racial bias when both out-group and in-group protagonists were evaluated directly by attributing the responsibility of negative or positive outcomes (i.e., fair or unfair distributions of resources). After seeing each of two familiarization events, displaying fair and unfair distributions performed by a hidden distributor, toddlers were asked to assign positive and negative outcomes to two distributors that were portrayed on drawings (Experiment 1) or photographs (Experiments 2–3) of White or Black faces. Seven-year-old children were assessed with the same forced-choice character task by using photographs (Experiment 4). Toddlers showed a significant tendency to attribute a fair distribution of resources to Black faces only when these were shown by photographs. Conversely, 7-year-olds manifested a pro-White/anti-Black racial bias. These findings support prior literature on the age-related development of race prejudice starting not before the three years of life, and shed light on an initial state that is aimed at intergroup coalitions.
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来源期刊
Social Development
Social Development PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
74
期刊介绍: Social Development is a major international journal dealing with all aspects of children"s social development as seen from a psychological stance. Coverage includes a wide range of topics such as social cognition, peer relationships, social interaction, attachment formation, emotional development and children"s theories of mind. The main emphasis is placed on development in childhood, but lifespan, cross-species and cross-cultural perspectives enhancing our understanding of human development are also featured.
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