“I have to get up and exercise because that’s how I’m going to get over this”: a qualitative exploration of exercise identity and behavior in early cancer survivorship

Purpose

Exercise is beneficial for people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC); however, many people LWBC fail to meet the exercise guidelines. Having an identity related to exercise, a component of one’s self-concept, correlates with exercising more frequently in general adult populations. Understanding how exercise identity influences exercise behaviors in people LWBC is warranted due to the many barriers people LWBC face in relation to physical activity. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceived impact of an exercise identity of the exercise behaviors and motivations among people LWBC.

Methods

Thirteen participants of mixed diagnoses (M_age = 60.8 ± 10.8 years) in the early survivorship period (i.e., within five years of primary treatment completion or diagnosis) participated in semi-structured interviews to identify influences of exercise identity on exercise behavior. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Findings demonstrated that people LWBC with a strong exercise identity engage in high and varied exercise behaviors. Despite barriers such as changes in motivations and ability to engage in exercise, participants maintained exercise throughout cancer by constant adaptation of their outlook and behaviors related to exercise. These results demonstrate a maintenance of physical activity in relation to a strong exercise identity.

Implications for cancer survivors: Results of this study have implications for the design and implementation of exercise behavior change programs for people LWBC as it provides insights into predictors of sustained exercise behavior during and following cancer treatment.