Katherine Marlow, Georgie Agar, Christopher Jones, Rory T. Devine, Caroline Richards
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We aimed to synthesise the existing literature and estimate the pooled prevalence of self-restraint in autistic individuals and/or individuals with intellectual disability, and the pooled effect size with self-injury.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Six databases were systematically searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>A total of 21,567 papers were retrieved, with 15 samples from 13 records included in the analyses. The pooled prevalence estimate of self-restraint in individuals with autism and/or intellectual disability was 39%, 95% CI [26.25, 51.59]. Age and presence of autism significantly increased prevalence rates. Pooled prevalence estimates were consistent across gender, presence of intellectual disability, and type of measurement of self-restraint. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
目的在患有神经发育疾病的人身上可以观察到自我约束，即有目的地限制自己的身体动作。个案研究和横断面调查报告显示，自我约束与自伤行为同时存在；然而，样本量较小限制了对其流行率和功能的了解。我们旨在综合现有文献，估算自闭症患者和/或智障人士自我克制的总体流行率，以及与自伤行为的总体效应大小。自闭症和/或智障人士自我约束的总体流行率估计为 39%，95% CI [26.25, 51.59]。年龄和患有自闭症会明显增加患病率。不同性别、是否存在智力障碍以及自我约束的测量类型的汇总患病率估计值是一致的。对 31 种自我约束拓扑图进行的元分析表明，"握住或挤压物体 "和 "抓住他人、抓住他人的衣服 "是自我约束者中最普遍的行为（均为 32%）。最少的行为是 "选择机械束缚"（1%）。在已知有自我伤害行为的人群中，自我约束行为的综合流行率估计为 34%，95% CI [21.36, 46.97]；在没有自我伤害行为的人群中，自我约束行为的综合流行率估计为 13%，95% CI [5.01, 21.43]。自我约束和自伤行为呈正相关，r = 0.21，95% CI [0.14，0.27]，K = 13。结论研究结果表明，平均而言，超过三分之一的自闭症和/或智障人士表现出自我约束。本文讨论了研究结果的临床和理论意义。
The Prevalence and Correlates of Self-restraint in Individuals with Autism and/or Intellectual Disability: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Purpose
Self-restraint, purposeful restriction of one’s own bodily movements is observed in individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions. Case studies and cross-sectional investigations have reported that self-restraint co-occurs with self-injurious behaviour; however, small sample sizes limit understanding of prevalence and function. We aimed to synthesise the existing literature and estimate the pooled prevalence of self-restraint in autistic individuals and/or individuals with intellectual disability, and the pooled effect size with self-injury.
Methods
Six databases were systematically searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.
Results
A total of 21,567 papers were retrieved, with 15 samples from 13 records included in the analyses. The pooled prevalence estimate of self-restraint in individuals with autism and/or intellectual disability was 39%, 95% CI [26.25, 51.59]. Age and presence of autism significantly increased prevalence rates. Pooled prevalence estimates were consistent across gender, presence of intellectual disability, and type of measurement of self-restraint. Meta-analyses of 31 topographies of self-restraint revealed ‘holds or squeezes objects’ and ‘holding onto others, holding onto others’ clothing’ were the most prevalent behaviours amongst those who self-restrained (both 32%). The least prevalent behaviour was ‘chooses mechanical restraint’ (1%). Pooled prevalence estimates of self-restraint in individuals known to self-injure were 34%, 95% CI [21.36, 46.97], and 13%, 95% CI [5.01, 21.43], in individuals who did not self-injure. Self-restraint and self-injurious behaviour were positively correlated, r = 0.21, 95% CI [0.14, 0.27], K = 13.
Conclusions
Findings highlight that on average, over one third of individuals with autism and/or intellectual disability show self-restraint. Clinical and theoretical implications of findings are discussed.
期刊介绍：
The Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders publishes original articles that provide critical reviews of topics across the broad interdisciplinary research fields of autism spectrum disorders. Topics range from basic to applied and include but are not limited to genetics, neuroscience, diagnosis, applied behavior analysis, psychopharmacology, incidence, prevalence, etiology, differential diagnosis, treatment, measurement of treatment effects, education, perception and cognition. Topics across the life span are appropriate. In addition, given the high rates of comorbid conditions, the interface of sleep disorders, feeding problems, motor difficulties, ADHD, anxiety, depression and other disorders with autism spectrum disorders are appropriate. The Journal aims for an international audience as reflected in the editorial board.
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