防备之外的不确定性：塞内加尔的 COVID-19 疫苗接种

IF 1.5 3区社会学 Q2 DEMOGRAPHY

Journal of Biosocial Science Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI:10.1017/s0021932024000075

Alice Desclaux, Khoudia Sow, Kelley Sams

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引用次数: 0

摘要

疫苗接种是公共卫生领域公认的预防流行病传播的最有效策略之一，而疫苗的问世往往被卫生参与者寄予 "改变游戏规则 "的厚望。然而，塞内加尔的 COVID-19（冠状病毒病 2019）疫苗并非国际社会所期望的灵丹妙药。据观察，塞内加尔的疫苗接种覆盖率非常低（到 2023 年 4 月还不到 10%），而这个国家曾被视为西非应对流行病的典范。除了所谓的民众对接种疫苗犹豫不决之外，准备不足是否也是罪魁祸首？以往的分析表明，面对每种流行病的社会、文化和政治环境，仅限于标准干预措施的疫情准备是不够的，不确定性限制了应对能力。本文研究了 COVID-19 疫苗的社会生活，以确定与塞内加尔免疫接种相关的不确定性的形式和背景维度。作者探讨了疫苗接种是如何实施的，并将经验与准备过程进行了比较，从而对不确定性提出了见解。作者使用 Stirling 的理论模型定义了不确定性的各种表现形式，并在塞内加尔 COVID-19 疫苗社会生活的不同阶段确定了四个关键点：(1) 与疫苗供应相关的物质不确定性，(2) 民众对疫苗接种目的和疾病风险的不确定性，(3) 与副作用相关的不确定性，以及 (4) 科学和卫生当局共享的疫苗接种策略的不确定性。这些不确定性只在准备过程中得到了部分考虑，因为它们与系统结构层面有关，反映了全球/地区力量对地方层面的影响。这项研究的结果不仅有助于塞内加尔围绕疫苗问题进行更好的沟通，而且对预防由人类行为决定的新流行病也具有更广泛的意义。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Uncertainties beyond preparedness: COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal

Vaccination is one of the most recognised strategies in public health for preventing the spread of epidemics, and the availability of a vaccine is often expected by health actors to be a ‘game-changer’. However, the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) vaccine in Senegal was not the magic bullet that the international community expected. A very low vaccination coverage rate (less than 10% by April 2023) was observed in this country, once considered a model in West Africa for its epidemic response. Beyond the population’s alleged hesitancy to be vaccinated, was a lack of preparedness to blame? Previous analyses show that outbreak preparation limited to standard interventions is not sufficient in the face of the social, cultural, and political configurations of each epidemic context and that uncertainty limits response capacity. This paper examines the social life of the COVID-19 vaccine to identify the forms and contextual dimensions of uncertainty related to immunisation in Senegal. The authors explore how vaccination was implemented and compare experiences with the preparedness process, to offer insight on uncertainties. Using Stirling’s theoretical model that defines various expressions of incertitude, the authors identify four nexuses at various stages of the social life of COVID-19 vaccine in Senegal: (1) material uncertainty related to vaccine availability, (2) ambiguity of the population about the purpose of vaccination and the risks of the disease, (3) uncertainty related to side effects, and (4) uncertainty about vaccination strategies shared by scientific and health authorities. These uncertainties were only partly considered in the preparedness process, for they are related to systemic structural dimensions and reflect the impact of global/regional powers on the local level. The findings of this research are relevant not only to support better communication around vaccines in Senegal but also more generally to the prevention of emerging epidemics shaped by human behaviours.

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来源期刊

Journal of Biosocial Science Multiple-

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

108

期刊介绍： Journal of Biosocial Science is a leading interdisciplinary and international journal in the field of biosocial science, the common ground between biology and sociology. It acts as an essential reference guide for all biological and social scientists working in these interdisciplinary areas, including social and biological aspects of reproduction and its control, gerontology, ecology, genetics, applied psychology, sociology, education, criminology, demography, health and epidemiology. Publishing original research papers, short reports, reviews, lectures and book reviews, the journal also includes a Debate section that encourages readers" comments on specific articles, with subsequent response from the original author.