暴露于环境空气污染与认知功能：对英国老龄化纵向研究队列的分析

IF 5.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Health Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI:10.1186/s12940-024-01075-1

Dylan Wood, Dimitris Evangelopoulos, Sean Beevers, Nutthida Kitwiroon, Panayotes Demakakos, Klea Katsouyanni

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引用次数: 0

摘要

越来越多的研究表明，暴露于环境空气污染中会对认知功能产生不利影响，但相关证据仍然有限。我们在英国老龄化纵向研究（ELSA）的老年人队列中调查了长期暴露于空气污染物与认知功能之间的关系。我们的样本包括来自 ELSA 的 8,883 人，该研究基于对年龄≥ 50 岁的人进行的一项具有全国代表性的研究，从 2002 年一直跟踪到 2017 年。空气污染物暴露是通过CMAQ-城市分散模型进行模拟的，并分配给参与者的居住地邮编。每两年收集一次记忆和执行功能的认知测试分数。采用混合效应模型研究了这些认知指标与二氧化氮、可吸入颗粒物（PM10）、可吸入颗粒物（PM2.5）和臭氧的环境浓度之间的关系，并对随时间变化的年龄、体育锻炼和吸烟状况以及基线性别和教育水平进行了调整。二氧化氮（IQR：13.05 μg/m3）、可吸入颗粒物（PM10，IQR：3.35 μg/m3）和 PM2.5（IQR：2.7 μg/m3）每四分位数间距（IQR）的长期暴露量的增加与综合记忆测试分数的下降相关，分别为-0.10（95% 置信区间 [CI]：-0.14，-0.07）、-0.02 [-0.04，-0.01] 和-0.08 [-0.11，-0.05]。同样，二氧化氮、可吸入颗粒物 10 和 PM2.5 的增加与执行功能得分的下降相关，分别为 -0.31 [-0.38, -0.23], -0.05 [-0.08, -0.02] 和 -0.16 [-0.22, -0.10]。在这两项测试中，与臭氧的关系呈反比。在伦敦居住的参与者子样本中也报告了类似的结果。本研究基于对每个队列参与者进行多次重复测量的长期跟踪，以及精细空间尺度的长期空气污染暴露评估。二氧化氮、可吸入颗粒物10和可吸入颗粒物2.5长期暴露量的增加与英格兰老年人认知功能的下降有关。这一证据可为制定与认知功能下降有关的可改变环境暴露相关政策提供依据。

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Exposure to ambient air pollution and cognitive function: an analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort

An increasing number of studies suggest adverse effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on cognitive function, but the evidence is still limited. We investigated the associations between long-term exposure to air pollutants and cognitive function in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) cohort of older adults. Our sample included 8,883 individuals from ELSA, based on a nationally representative study of people aged ≥ 50 years, followed-up from 2002 until 2017. Exposure to air pollutants was modelled by the CMAQ-urban dispersion model and assigned to the participants’ residential postcodes. Cognitive test scores of memory and executive function were collected biennially. The associations between these cognitive measures and exposure to ambient concentrations of NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and ozone were investigated using mixed-effects models adjusted for time-varying age, physical activity and smoking status, as well as baseline gender and level of education. Increasing long-term exposure per interquartile range (IQR) of NO2 (IQR: 13.05 μg/m3), PM10 (IQR: 3.35 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (IQR: 2.7 μg/m3) were associated with decreases in test scores of composite memory by -0.10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.14, -0.07), -0.02 [-0.04, -0.01] and -0.08 [-0.11, -0.05], respectively. The same increases in NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 were associated with decreases in executive function score of -0.31 [-0.38, -0.23], -0.05 [-0.08, -0.02] and -0.16 [-0.22, -0.10], respectively. The association with ozone was inverse across both tests. Similar results were reported for the London-dwelling sub-sample of participants. The present study was based on a long follow-up with several repeated measurements per cohort participant and long-term air pollution exposure assessment at a fine spatial scale. Increasing long-term exposure to NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 was associated with a decrease in cognitive function in older adults in England. This evidence can inform policies related to modifiable environmental exposures linked to cognitive decline.

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来源期刊

Environmental Health 环境科学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

1.70%

发文量

115

审稿时长

3.0 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Health publishes manuscripts on all aspects of environmental and occupational medicine and related studies in toxicology and epidemiology. Environmental Health is aimed at scientists and practitioners in all areas of environmental science where human health and well-being are involved, either directly or indirectly. Environmental Health is a public health journal serving the public health community and scientists working on matters of public health interest and importance pertaining to the environment.