青藏高原及其周边地区的白垩纪综合地层学、生物群落和古地理演化

IF 6 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要 白垩纪是解读新特提斯洋演化史和青藏高原不同板块汇聚的重要时段。详细的地层框架和古地理格局是理解新特提斯洋演化和青藏高原形成的基础。本文通过对青藏高原白垩纪地层、生物群、古地理和重大地质事件的分析,建立了完整的地层框架,重建了白垩纪古地理,解译了重大地质事件的历史。青藏高原及其周边地区的白垩纪岩石以海相沉积为主,夹有少量海陆和陆相成分。印度河-雅鲁藏布江断裂带沉积了以蛇绿岩套和放射虫硅质岩为主的深海沉积物。在南部,特提斯喜马拉雅山和印度河盆地接受了不同深度和岩性的海洋沉积物;在北部,日喀则和拉达克弧前盆地也充满了海洋沉积物。拉萨地块、喀喇昆仑地块、塔里木盆地西部和缅甸西部地块由浅海沉积、海陆交互相沉积和陆相沉积组成。羌塘盆地和其他地区以陆相沉积为主。青藏高原及其周边地区的白垩纪地层分布广泛,种类繁多,具有丰富的有孔虫、钙质化石、放射虫、氨虫、双壳类和古生物。在综合地层学、生物地层学、地质年代学和化学地层学分析的基础上,我们在此提出了新特提斯东部白垩纪的综合地层框架。通过分析新特提斯东部及其周边地区不同生物地理带的白垩纪生物群,我们重建了新特提斯东部不同时期的古生物地理。青藏高原及其周边地区白垩纪古地理演化可分为三个阶段:(1)印度板块从澳大利亚-南极洲大陆逐渐断裂,拉萨-羌塘地块早期碰撞阶段(145-125Ma);(2)印度板块向北漂移,拉萨-羌塘地块碰撞阶段(125-100Ma);(3)印度板块快速向北漂移,塔里木-塔吉克-喀喇昆仑湾形成,冈底斯山脉早期隆起(100-66Ma)。从早白垩世到中白垩世,印度河-泰西-喜马拉雅生物群经历了从南半球高纬度地区的冷水型向赤道附近的暖水型过渡。新特提斯洋东部的生物多样性和丰度在早白垩世逐渐增加,在中白垩世达到顶峰,在晚白垩世晚期(马斯特里赫特晚期)急剧下降。随着印度板块的北移和新特提斯洋的俯冲,新特提斯洋东部及其周边地区经历了一系列重大地质事件,包括大火成岩带的形成、大洋缺氧事件和大灭绝等。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cretaceous integrative stratigraphy, biotas, and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

Abstract

The Cretaceous Period is a vital time interval in deciphering the evolutionary history of the Neo-Tethys Ocean and the convergence of different plates and blocks across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. A detailed stratigraphic framework and paleogeographic patterns are the basis for understanding the evolution of the Neo-Tethys Ocean and the formation of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Here, the Cretaceous stratigraphy, biota, paleogeography, and major geological events in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are analyzed to establish an integrative stratigraphic framework, reconstruct the paleogeography during the Cretaceous Period, and decode the history of the major geological events. The Cretaceous rocks of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding area are predominantly marine deposits, with a small amount of interbedded marine-terrestrial and terrestrial conponents. The Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo Suture Zone was responsible for the deposition of deep marine sediments dominated by ophiolite suites and radiolarian silicalite. To the south, the Tethys Himalayas and Indus Basin received marine sediments of varying depths and lithology; to the north, the Xigaze and Ladakh forearc basins are also filled with marine sediments. The Lhasa Block, Karakorum Block, western Tarim Basin, and West Burma block consist of shallow marine, interbedded marine-terrestrial, and terrestrial sediments. The Qiangtang Basin and other areas are dominated by terrestrial sedimentation. The Cretaceous strata of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas are widely distributed and diversified, with abundant foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils, radiolarians, ammonites, bivalves, and palynomorphs. On the basis of integrated lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, geochronologic, and chemostratigraphic analyses, we proposed herein a comprehensive stratigraphic framework for the Cretaceous Period of the eastern Neo-Tethys. By analyzing the Cretaceous biota of different biogeographic zones from eastern Neo-Tethys and its surrounding areas, we reconstructed the paleobiogeography of different periods of eastern Neo-Tethys. The Cretaceous paleogeographic evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas can be divided into three phases: (1) gradual breakup of the Indian Plate from the Australia-Antarctica continent and the early collision phase of the Lhasa-Qiangtang blocks (145–125 Ma); (2) northward drift of the Indian Plate and the collision phase of the Lhasa-Qiangtang blocks (125–100 Ma); (3) rapid northward drift of the Indian Plate, formation of the Tarim-Tajik-Karakorum Bay, and early uplift of the Gangdise Mountains (100–66 Ma). The Indus-Tethys Himalayan biota underwent a transition from the cold-water type in the high latitudes of the southern hemisphere to the warm-water type near the equator from the Early Cretaceous to the Mid-Cretaceous. The biodiversity and abundance of the eastern Neo-Tethys Ocean increased gradually in the Early Cretaceous, peaking in the Mid-Cretaceous, and decreased sharply during the late Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian). Along with the northward drift of the Indian Plate and subduction of the Neo-Tethys, the eastern Neo-Tethys and its surrounding areas experienced a series of major geological events, including the formation of the large igneous province, oceanic anoxia events, and mass extinction, etc.

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来源期刊
Science China Earth Sciences
Science China Earth Sciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
5.30%
发文量
135
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Science China Earth Sciences, an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and published by Science China Press, is committed to publishing high-quality, original results in both basic and applied research.
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