Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on mandible fracture patterns in a German cranio-maxillofacial trauma center: PreCOVID (2019) versus IntraCOVID (2020)

Background/Aims

The COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) pandemic confronted the global healthcare system with a variety of challenges. The pandemic and the associated lockdowns also had an impact on multiple medical disciplines (i.e. delay of surgery, change of hospital admissions). The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mandible fracture patterns/distributions and circumstances in a German cranio-maxillofacial trauma center.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study compared the mandible fracture patterns of patients in the PreCOVID (PC) era (February 2019–January 2020) with patients in the IntraCOVID (IC) era (February 2020–January 2021). In addition to baseline characteristics, the number/type of mandible fractures, location of the mandible fracture, circumstances leading to mandible fracture, and hospital admissions/treatments were analyzed.

Results

A total of 127 patients was included in this study. In the IC period, the absolute frequencies of mandible fractures decreased (PC = 72 vs. IC = 55). There were minor changes in the mandible fracture locations. An increase of concomitant facial soft tissue injuries (IC = 69.1% vs. PC = 58.3%), as well as higher rates of traumatic tooth loss (IC = 32.7% vs. PC = 22.2%), was observed. Regarding the causes/accidents leading to mandible fractures, there were significant increases in falls and significant decreases in sports accidents as well as interpersonal violence during the IC period. A significant increase in accidents at home and domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a simultaneous decrease in weekend and night-time trauma leading to mandible fractures was observed. Furthermore, a significant increase in days from trauma to surgery was recorded.

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on mandibular fracture patterns. The locations and types of mandibular fractures changed slightly. However, significant differences in the circumstances leading to mandible fractures (increased falls, decreased interpersonal violence) were recorded.