波多黎各环境法演变分析(1897-2021 年):新的分类系统、趋势和政治影响

Q2 Environmental Science
Luis A. Avilés-Pagán , Qiong Gao , Mei Yu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文旨在全面评估 1897 年至 2021 年波多黎各环境法的演变情况。研究指出了立法方面的重大发展,1960 年后联邦和地方法律激增,与环境意识的提高相关。政治动态,尤其是党派关系,极大地影响了对环境的法律保护水平。本文引入了一个新的分类系统,以分析基于生态系统和资源保护的法律。确定了立法活动的不同时期,1960 年至 1990 年以联邦法律为主,1990 年至 2021 年以州法律为主,揭示了独特的立法 "脉冲 "模式。联邦法律主要涉及沿海生态系统和污染缓解,而各州法律则侧重于陆地生态系统、保护区和资源管理。该研究在时间推移和已颁布法律数量之间建立了统计学上的显著相关性,表明环境立法呈上升趋势。此外,研究还强调了政党对立法的影响,在不同政党控制的情况下,立法产出也会有所不同。研究发现,美国和波多黎各的立法产出都受到政党控制的影响。具体来说,当共和党或当地的人民民主党控制众议院或参议院时,环境立法的产出就会减少。另一方面,研究表明,美国总统的政党身份对颁布环境法律的影响较小。该研究强调了政治与环境政策之间错综复杂的关系,强调了政治动态对环境法形成的重要意义。研究结果为政策制定者、环保人士和利益相关者提供了宝贵的见解,有助于为波多黎各的可持续发展和保护制定更有效的战略。建议包括利用环境法规综合表来发现机构重叠,并调查法律保护与生态系统健康之间的相关性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Analysis of the evolution of environmental laws in Puerto Rico (1897–2021): A new classification system, trends, and political influences

This paper aims to present a comprehensive assessment of the evolution of environmental law in Puerto Rico from 1897 to 2021. The study identifies significant legislative developments, with a surge in federal and local laws post-1960, correlating with heightened environmental awareness. Political dynamics, notably party affiliations, significantly influence the level of legal protection afforded to the environment. A new classification system is introduced to analyze laws based on ecosystem and resource protection. Distinct periods of legislative activity are identified, with federal laws predominant from 1960 to 1990 and state laws from 1990 to 2021, revealing a unique pattern of legislative "pulses." Federal laws primarily address coastal ecosystems and pollution mitigation, while state laws focus on land ecosystems, reserves, and resource management. The study establishes a statistically significant correlation between the passage of time and the number of enacted laws, indicating an upward trend in environmental legislation. Additionally, it highlights the impact of political parties on lawmaking, with variations in legislative output observed under different party control scenarios. The study found that the legislative output in both the US and Puerto Rico was affected by party control. Specifically, when the Republican Party or the local Popular Democratic Party controls the House of Representatives or the Senate, the output of environmental legislation decreases. On the other hand, the study suggests that the US President's party identity has a lesser effect on enacting environmental laws. The study underscores the intricate relationship between politics and environmental policy, emphasizing the significance of political dynamics in shaping environmental law. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, environmentalists, and stakeholders, aiding in developing more effective strategies for sustainable development and conservation in Puerto Rico. Recommendations include utilizing the comprehensive table of environmental regulations to detect agency overlaps and investigate the correlation between legal protection and ecosystem health.

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来源期刊
Environmental Challenges
Environmental Challenges Environmental Science-Environmental Engineering
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
249
审稿时长
8 weeks
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